学生信息管理系统——C语言版本（易懂）
一、功能概述
1.账号的登录与注册
3.学生信息对于学号的排序
4.学生信息的删除
5.学生信息的修改
6.学生信息的查找
7.学生信息的分类
8.学生信息表的打印
9.结束程序时对信息的在内存中的保存
10.执行程序时对保存在内存当中的信息的读取
11.构建菜单
二、流程图
三、功能实现详解
1.文件信息的读取与保存
void saveInfoToFile(char* fileName, InfoSys* pc){FILE* fp = fopen(fileName,"w");if (fp == NULL){perror("fopen");return;}InfoSys* cur =pc->next;while (cur){fprintf(fp, "%s %s %s %d %lf %s %s\n", cur->ID, cur->name, cur->sex,cur->age, cur->score, cur->professional, cur->clas);cur = cur->next;}fclose(fp);fp = NULL;return;}void readInfoFromFile(char* fileName, InfoSys* pc){FILE* fp = fopen(fileName,"r");int ch=fgetc(fp);if (ch == EOF){return;}fseek(fp,0,SEEK_SET);if (fp == NULL){perror("fopen");return;}InfoSys* temp = (InfoSys*)malloc(sizeof(InfoSys));InfoSys* cur = pc;cur->next = NULL;pc->next = cur;while (fscanf(fp, "%s %s %s %d %lf %s %s", temp->ID, temp->name, temp->sex, &(temp->age), &(temp->score), temp->professional, temp->clas) != EOF){InfoSys* next = (InfoSys*)malloc(sizeof(InfoSys));next->next = NULL;cur->next = next;cur = next;strcpy(cur->ID, temp->ID);strcpy(cur->name, temp->name);strcpy(cur->sex, temp->sex);cur->age = temp->age;cur->score = temp->score;strcpy(cur->professional, temp->professional);strcpy(cur->clas, temp->clas);//这一块空间是被需要的，不用free；}fclose(fp);fp = NULL;free(temp);temp = NULL;return;}2.账号的登录与注册
可以实现对注册账号在文件中的保存和读取，在登录时，实现掩码操作
int isUserValid(char* userAccount, char* userPassword){FILE* fp = fopen("UserInfo.txt","r");char UAt[USERACCOUNTNUM];char UPd[USERPASSWORDNUM];char temp[USERPASSWORDNUM];if (fgetc(fp) == EOF){printf("无此账号，请重新输入.....\n");fclose(fp);fp = NULL;return 0;}fseek(fp,-1,SEEK_CUR);while (strcmp(fgets(UAt, USERACCOUNTNUM, fp), userAccount) != 0){fgets(temp, USERACCOUNTNUM, fp);if (fgetc(fp)==EOF){printf("无此账号，请重新输入.....\n");fclose(fp);fp = NULL;return 0;}else{fseek(fp, -1, SEEK_CUR);}}if (strcmp(UAt, userAccount) == 0){fgets(UPd, USERPASSWORDNUM, fp);if((strcmp(UPd, userPassword) == 0)){printf("\t\t欢迎进入管理系统，请稍后......\n");Sleep(1000);fclose(fp);fp = NULL;return 1;}else{printf("密码输入错误，请重新输入......\n");fclose(fp);fp = NULL;return 0;}}}void enroll_menu(){head_menu();printf("\n\n\n");printf("\t\t用户注册，请输入账号、密码......\n\n");}void login_menu(){head_menu();printf("\n\n\n");printf("\t\t用户登录，请输入账号、密码......\n\n");return;}void enroll(){FILE* fp = fopen("UserInfo.txt","a");char userAccount[USERACCOUNTNUM];char userPassword[USERPASSWORDNUM];if (fp == NULL){perror("fopen");return;}getchar();enroll_menu();printf("\t\t账号：>");int i;for (i = 0; i ");for (i = 0; i ");for (i = 0; i ");for (i = 0; i < USERPASSWORDNUM; i++){userPassword[i] = _getch();if (userPassword[i] == '\r')//回车{break;}printf("*");//掩码处理}userPassword[i] = '\n';userPassword[++i] = '\0';if (isUserValid(userAccount, userPassword) == 1){return 1;}else{return 0;}}3.菜单的构建（为了方便对基础功能的种类的了解，先说菜单）
以下包括了登录菜单和选择菜单，下文出现的功能如图所示
void welcome_menu(){printf("\n\n\n");printf("\t ╔═════════════╗\n");printf("\t ║ (\\ (\\ ║\n");printf("\t ║ (-。-) ║\n");printf("\t ║ 。_(\") ║\n");printf("\t ╚═════════════╝\n");printf("\t *欢迎使用信息管理系统*\n");printf("\t ····SWPU猪皮兄弟为你服务····\n");printf("\n\n\n");system("pause");}void main_menu(){printf("\t\t| * * * * * * * 信息管理系统 * * * * * * |\n");printf("\t\t|……………………………………………………|\n");printf("\t\t| 请选择操作菜单序号（0-6） |\n");printf("\t\t|……………………………………………………|\n");printf("\t\t| 1----学生信息录入 |\n");printf("\t\t| 2----学生信息排序 |\n");printf("\t\t| 3----学生信息查询 |\n");printf("\t\t| 4----学生分类查询 |\n");printf("\t\t| 5----学生信息删除 |\n");printf("\t\t| 6----学生信息修改 |\n");printf("\t\t| 7----学生信息打印 |\n");printf("\t\t| 0---- 退 出 |\n");printf("\t\t|……………………………………………………|\n");printf("\t\t| * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * |\n");printf("\n\t请选择序号： ");}4.学会信息管理的基础操作（增删查改、打印列表、排序）
对这部分的实现，采用的是单链表的结构
1.打印列表和退出程序
void showMessge(InfoSys * pc){printf(" ~~~~~ 学生信息表 ~~~~~\n");printf(" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");printf("%-12s\t%-9s\t%-4s\t%-4s\t%-9s\t%-9s\t%-7s\n","学号","姓名","性别","年龄","成绩","专业","班级");InfoSys* cur = pc->next;while (cur!=NULL){printf("%-12s\t%-9s\t%-4s\t%-4d\t%-9.2lf\t%-9s\t%-7s\n", cur->ID, cur->name,cur->sex, cur->age, cur->score, cur->professional, cur->clas);cur = cur->next;}return;}void Exit(){exit(-1);}2.增添学生信息
void Add(InfoSys* pc){InfoSys* cur = pc->next;char ID[IDNUM];char name[NAMENUM];char sex[SEXNUM];int age;double score;char professional[PROFESSIONALNUM];char clas[CLASNUM];while(1){printf("请依次输入：> 学号 - 姓名 - 性别 - 年龄 - 成绩 - 专业 - 班级\n");scanf("%s %s %s %d %lf %s %s", ID, name, sex, &age, &score, professional, clas);InfoSys* newnode = CreateNode(ID, name, sex, age, score, professional, clas);if (cur == NULL){pc->next = newnode;}else{while (cur->next != NULL){cur = cur->next;}cur->next = newnode;}printf("请选择是否继续添加:>(Y/N)\n");char input;rewind(stdin);//让下面的scanf不受缓存区的影响scanf("%c",&input);//这里的scanf直接跳过的问题，用以上方法if (input == 'Y'){continue;}else {break;}} return;}注意一定要在第二个scanf之前rewind(stdio)，不然这个scanf会读取缓冲区里面的\n就等于是直接跳过。
3.删除学生信息
void Del(InfoSys* pc){InfoSys* cur = pc->next;InfoSys* prev = pc;char ID[IDNUM] = { 0 };printf("请输入要删除学生的学号: \n");int count = 0;scanf("%s",ID);while (cur){if (strcmp(cur->ID, ID) == 0){prev->next=cur->next;free(cur);count++;cur = NULL;}else{cur = cur->next;prev = prev->next;}}if (count == 0){printf("未找到该学生信息......\n");system("pause");return;}printf("删除成功......\n");return;}4.对学生信息进行排序（这里采用冒泡排序的思想）
void Sort(InfoSys* pc)//实际中都是按学号排序//代码未实现，需要多次进行排序操作{InfoSys* prev, * cur, * next;int count=0;cur = pc->next;while (cur != NULL){count++;cur = cur->next;}if (count == 1){printf("排序成功......\n");return;}else if (count == 0){printf("列表中无学生信息\n");return;}else{for (int i = 0; i next;next = cur->next;while (next != NULL){if (strcmp(cur->ID, next->ID) > 0){cur->next = next->next;prev->next = next;next->next = cur;next = cur->next;prev = prev->next;}else{next = next->next;cur = cur->next;prev = prev->next;}}}}printf("排序成功......\n");return;}5.查询与分类查询
普通查询（按学号进行查找）
void Search(InfoSys* pc){printf("请输入要查找学生的学号\n");char ID[IDNUM] = { 0 };InfoSys* cur = pc->next;int count = 0;scanf("%s",ID);printf(" ~~~~~ 学生信息表 ~~~~~\n");printf(" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");printf("%-12s\t%-9s\t%-4s\t%-4s\t%-9s\t%-9s\t%-7s\n", "学号", "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "成绩", "专业", "班级");while (cur != NULL){if (strcmp(cur->ID, ID) == 0){printf("%-12s\t%-9s\t%-4s\t%-4d\t%-9.2lf\t%-9s\t%-7s\n", cur->ID, cur->name, cur->sex, cur->age, cur->score, cur->professional, cur->clas);count++;}cur = cur->next;}if(count ==0)printf("未找到该学生信息......\n");return;}分类查询
void ClassifySearch(InfoSys* pc){printf("学生分类......\n");printf("------------------------------------------------------\n");printf("1.姓名 2.性别 3.年龄 4.成绩 5.专业 6.班级\n");printf("请输入要分的类型（1-6）：\n");int input;scanf("%d",&input);switch (input){case 1:{printf("请输入需要查找的姓名：");char name[NAMENUM] = { 0 };scanf("%s", name);InfoSys* cur = pc->next;if (cur == NULL){printf("未查询到相关信息......\n");break;}printf(" ~~~~~ 学生信息表 ~~~~~\n");printf(" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");printf("%-12s\t%-9s\t%-4s\t%-4s\t%-9s\t%-9s\t%-7s\n", "学号", "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "成绩", "专业", "班级");while (cur != NULL){if (strcmp(cur->name, name) == 0){printf("%-12s\t%-9s\t%-4s\t%-4d\t%-9.2lf\t%-9s\t%-7s\n", cur->ID, cur->name, cur->sex, cur->age, cur->score, cur->professional, cur->clas);}cur = cur->next;}break;}case 2:{printf("请输入需要查找的姓别：");char sex[SEXNUM] = { 0 };scanf("%s", sex);InfoSys* cur = pc->next;if (cur == NULL){printf("未查询到相关信息......\n");break;}printf(" ~~~~~ 学生信息表 ~~~~~\n");printf(" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");printf("%-12s\t%-9s\t%-4s\t%-4s\t%-9s\t%-9s\t%-7s\n", "学号", "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "成绩", "专业", "班级");while (cur != NULL){if (strcmp(cur->sex, sex) == 0){printf("%-12s\t%-9s\t%-4s\t%-4d\t%-9.2lf\t%-9s\t%-7s\n", cur->ID, cur->name, cur->sex, cur->age, cur->score, cur->professional, cur->clas);}cur = cur->next;}break;}case 3:{printf("请输入需要查找的年龄：");int age;scanf("%d", &age);InfoSys* cur = pc->next;if (cur == NULL){printf("未查询到相关信息......\n");break;}printf(" ~~~~~ 学生信息表 ~~~~~\n");printf(" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");printf("%-12s\t%-9s\t%-4s\t%-4s\t%-9s\t%-9s\t%-7s\n", "学号", "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "成绩", "专业", "班级");while (cur != NULL){if (cur->age == age){printf("%-12s\t%-9s\t%-4s\t%-4d\t%-9.2lf\t%-9s\t%-7s\n", cur->ID, cur->name, cur->sex, cur->age, cur->score, cur->professional, cur->clas);}cur = cur->next;}break;}case 4:{printf("请输入需要查找的成绩：");double score;scanf("%lf", &score);InfoSys* cur = pc->next;if (cur == NULL){printf("未查询到相关信息......\n");break;}printf(" ~~~~~ 学生信息表 ~~~~~\n");printf(" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");printf("%-12s\t%-9s\t%-4s\t%-4s\t%-9s\t%-9s\t%-7s\n", "学号", "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "成绩", "专业", "班级");while (cur != NULL){if (cur->score == score){printf("%-12s\t%-9s\t%-4s\t%-4d\t%-9.2lf\t%-9s\t%-7s\n", cur->ID, cur->name, cur->sex, cur->age, cur->score, cur->professional, cur->clas);}cur = cur->next;}break;}case 5:{printf("请输入需要查找的专业：");char professional[PROFESSIONALNUM] = { 0 };scanf("%s", professional);InfoSys* cur = pc->next;if (cur == NULL){printf("未查询到相关信息......\n");break;}printf(" ~~~~~ 学生信息表 ~~~~~\n");printf(" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");printf("%-12s\t%-9s\t%-4s\t%-4s\t%-9s\t%-9s\t%-7s\n", "学号", "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "成绩", "专业", "班级");while (cur != NULL){if (strcmp(cur->professional, professional) == 0){printf("%-12s\t%-9s\t%-4s\t%-4d\t%-9.2lf\t%-9s\t%-7s\n", cur->ID, cur->name, cur->sex, cur->age, cur->score, cur->professional, cur->clas);}cur = cur->next;}break;}case 6:{printf("请输入需要查找的班级：");char clas[CLASNUM] = { 0 };scanf("%s", clas);InfoSys* cur = pc->next;if (cur == NULL){printf("未查询到相关信息......\n");break;}printf(" ~~~~~ 学生信息表 ~~~~~\n");printf(" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");printf("%-12s\t%-9s\t%-4s\t%-4s\t%-9s\t%-9s\t%-7s\n", "学号", "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "成绩", "专业", "班级");while (cur != NULL){if (strcmp(cur->clas, clas) == 0){printf("%-12s\t%-9s\t%-4s\t%-4d\t%-9.2lf\t%-9s\t%-7s\n", cur->ID, cur->name, cur->sex, cur->age, cur->score, cur->professional, cur->clas);}cur = cur->next;}break;}default:printf("输入错误,正在跳回选择界面......\n");Sleep(10);break;}}稍微有点繁琐，可以改进，这里就没有去改进了
另外，查询和分类查询也可以合在一起
6.学生信息的修改
void Modify(InfoSys* pc){char ID[IDNUM] = { 0 };int count = 0;InfoSys* cur = pc->next;printf("请输入修改学生学号;\n");scanf("%s",ID);while (cur != NULL){if (strcmp(cur->ID, ID) == 0){printf("已找到该学生信息......\n");count++;printf("%-12s\t%-9s\t%-4s\t%-4s\t%-9s\t%-9s\t%-7s\n", "学号", "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "成绩", "专业", "班级");printf("%-12s\t%-9s\t%-4s\t%-4d\t%-9.2lf\t%-9s\t%-7s\n", cur->ID, cur->name, cur->sex, cur->age, cur->score, cur->professional, cur->clas);break;}cur = cur->next;}if (count == 0){printf("未找到修改学生信息.....\n");return;}printf("进行修改操作.....\n");printf("请依次输入：> 学号 - 姓名 - 性别 - 年龄 - 成绩 - 专业 - 班级\n");scanf("%s %s %s %d %lf %s %s", cur->ID, cur->name, cur->sex, &(cur->age), &(cur->score), cur->professional, cur->clas);//age是个整数类型，需要&，而其他的是字符串，变量名就是首地址Sleep(10);printf("修改成功\n");return;}四、测试结果
1.系统页面以及账号登录与注册
实现掩码
2.选择菜单
3.基础功能的实现
在这里就不一个个演示了
全部程序放在下面的链接里了，请自行查看
2022.4.20程序设计项目 · 朱毅峰/zhupiC - 码云 - 开源中国 (gitee.com)
https://gitee.com/zhu-pi/zhupi-c/tree/master/2022.4.20%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE
