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HAL库-串口重定向学习（开启微库与不开启微库比较）

网友: 文档中心 2022-05-24 23:59:18

前言

However mean your life is, meet it and live it; do not shun it and call it hard names。
不论你的生活如何卑贱，你要面对它生活，不要躲避它，更别用恶言咒骂它

一、串口的介绍

  1. 串口（USART） 在 学习STM32 （单片机）过程中使用最多莫就是“打印”程序信息，一般在硬件设计时都会预留一个 USART 通信接口连接电脑，用于在调试程序是可以把一些调试信息“打印”在电脑端的串口调试助手工具上，从而了解程序运行是否正确、如果出错哪具体哪里出错等等。

  2. 通用同步异步收发器(USART)提供了一种灵活的方法与使用工业标准NRZ异步串行数据格式的
    外部设备之间进行全双工数据交换。USART利用分数波特率发生器提供宽范围的波特率选择。
    它支持同步单向通信和半双工单线通信，也支持LIN(局部互连网)，智能卡协议和IrDA(红外数据组织)SIR ENDEC规范，以及调制解调(CTS/RTS)操作。它还允许多处理器通信。
    使用多缓冲器配置的DMA方式，可以实现高速数据通信。

  3. 串行通信一般是以帧格式传输数据，即是一帧一帧的传输，每帧包含有起始信号、数据信息、停止信息，可能还有校验信息。USART 就是对这些传输参数有具体规定，当然也不是只有唯一一个参数值，很多参数值都可以自定义设置，只是增强它的兼容性。

二、CubeMX配置

HAL库-串口重定向学习（开启微库与不开启微库比较）
2.
HAL库-串口重定向学习（开启微库与不开启微库比较）
3.选择高速外部振荡器
HAL库-串口重定向学习（开启微库与不开启微库比较）
4.选择串口
HAL库-串口重定向学习（开启微库与不开启微库比较）

5.配置时钟
HAL库-串口重定向学习（开启微库与不开启微库比较）
6. 配置工程名和开发环境
HAL库-串口重定向学习（开启微库与不开启微库比较）
7.配置生成对应.c和.h文件
HAL库-串口重定向学习（开启微库与不开启微库比较）

三、开微库代码

  1. 勾上微库（很重要，不够勾上串口助手不会打印出信息）

  2. 添加头文件

//用户头文件开始#include “stdio.h”//用户头文件结束
  1. 添加printf重定向代码块
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f){  HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&ch, 1, 0xffff);    return ch;}int fgetc(FILE *f){  uint8_t ch;    HAL_UART_Receive(&huart1, &ch, 1 ,0xffff);  return ch;}
  1. main.c全部代码
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header *//**  ******************************************************************************  * @file    : main.c  * @brief   : Main program body  ******************************************************************************  * @attention  *  * Copyright (c) 2022 STMicroelectronics.  * All rights reserved.  *  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file  * in the root directory of this software component.  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.  *  ******************************************************************************  *//* USER CODE END Header *//* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/#include "main.h"#include "usart.h"#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN Includes *///用户头文件   开始#include "stdio.h"//用户头文件   结束/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/void SystemClock_Config(void);/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *///用户用微库重定义   开始int fputc(int ch, FILE *f){  HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&ch, 1, 0xffff);    return ch;}int fgetc(FILE *f){  uint8_t ch;    HAL_UART_Receive(&huart1, &ch, 1 ,0xffff);  return ch;}//用户用微库重定义   结束/* USER CODE END 0 *//**  * @brief  The application entry point.  * @retval int  */int main(void){  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */  /* USER CODE END 1 */  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */  HAL_Init();  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */  /* USER CODE END Init */  /* Configure the system clock */  SystemClock_Config();  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */  /* USER CODE END SysInit */  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */  MX_GPIO_Init();  MX_USART1_UART_Init();  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */    //用户代码2   开始    printf("Uart用微库实验！\r\n");    //用户代码2   结束  /* USER CODE END 2 */  /* Infinite loop */  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */  while (1)  {    /* USER CODE END WHILE */    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */  }  /* USER CODE END 3 */}/**  * @brief System Clock Configuration  * @retval None  */void SystemClock_Config(void){  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.  */  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)  {    Error_Handler();  }  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks  */  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK  |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)  {    Error_Handler();  }}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//**  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.  * @retval None  */void Error_Handler(void){  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */  __disable_irq();  while (1)  {  }  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT/**  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number  *  where the assert_param error has occurred.  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number  * @retval None  */void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line){  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */  /* USER CODE END 6 */}#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
  1. 开微库实验现象
    HAL库-串口重定向学习（开启微库与不开启微库比较）

四、不开微库代码

  1. My_uart.h文件代码
#ifndef _MY_UART_H_#define _MY_UART_H_#include "main.h"#include "usart.h"#include "stdio.h"#endif
  1. My_uart.c文件代码
#include "My_uart.h"/* 为确保没有从 C 库链接使用半主机的函数， 必须导入符号 __use_no_semihosting.可在您工程的任何 C 或汇编语言源文件中执行此操作，如下所示：1.在 C 模块中，使用 #pragma 指令：#pragma import(__use_no_semihosting)2.在汇编语言模块中，使用 IMPORT 指令：IMPORT __use_no_semihosting如果仍然链接了使用半主机的函数，则链接器会报告错误。*/ /*  */#pragma import(__use_no_semihosting)       /*  */    struct __FILE { int handle; };  /*  */FILE __stdout; /*  */   void _sys_exit(int x) { x = x; }  /*  */ int fputc(int ch, FILE *f){      HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&ch, 1, 0xffff);  return ch;}
  1. main.c文件代码
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header *//**  ******************************************************************************  * @file    : main.c  * @brief   : Main program body  ******************************************************************************  * @attention  *  * Copyright (c) 2022 STMicroelectronics.  * All rights reserved.  *  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file  * in the root directory of this software component.  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.  *  ******************************************************************************  *//* USER CODE END Header *//* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/#include "main.h"#include "usart.h"#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN Includes *///用户头文件   开始#include "My_uart.h"//用户头文件   结束/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/void SystemClock_Config(void);/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//**  * @brief  The application entry point.  * @retval int  */int main(void){  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */  /* USER CODE END 1 */  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */  HAL_Init();  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */  /* USER CODE END Init */  /* Configure the system clock */  SystemClock_Config();  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */  /* USER CODE END SysInit */  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */  MX_GPIO_Init();  MX_USART1_UART_Init();  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */    //用户代码2   开始    printf("Uart不用微库实验！\r\n");    //用户代码2   结束  /* USER CODE END 2 */  /* Infinite loop */  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */  while (1)  {    /* USER CODE END WHILE */    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */  }  /* USER CODE END 3 */}/**  * @brief System Clock Configuration  * @retval None  */void SystemClock_Config(void){  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.  */  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)  {    Error_Handler();  }  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks  */  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK  |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)  {    Error_Handler();  }}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//**  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.  * @retval None  */void Error_Handler(void){  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */  __disable_irq();  while (1)  {  }  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT/**  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number  *  where the assert_param error has occurred.  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number  * @retval None  */void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line){  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */  /* USER CODE END 6 */}#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
  1. 不用开微库实验现象
    HAL库-串口重定向学习（开启微库与不开启微库比较）
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