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文章目录

• 前言
• • 📣 1.安装环境准备
  • 📣 2.创建用户和组
  • 📣 3.创建工作的目录
  • 📣 4.配置Oracle的环境变量
  • 📣 5.修改内核参数
  • 📣 6./etc/profile配置
  • 📣 7.修改资源限制
  • 📣 8.yum安装依赖
  • 📣 9.解压软件授权
  • 📣 10.静默安装Oracle数据库
  • 📣 11.监听创建
  • 📣 13.dbca建库
  • 📣 14.登陆验证

前言

本文详细的介绍了如何静默安装Oracle19C,采用静默的方式。

📣 1.安装环境准备

1.查看物理内存[root@rhel76 ~]# free -mtotal used free      shared  buff/cache   availableMem:    3932  748 2337   13  845 2879Swap:   1907    0 19072.操作系统版本[root@rhel76 ~]#  cat /etc/redhat-releaseRed Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.6 (Maipo) 3.操作系统内存[root@rhel76 ~]# df -h /dev/shm/Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted ontmpfs    2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm4.磁盘空间[root@rhel76 ~]# df -THFilesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/rhel-root xfs 32G  4.6G   27G  15% /devtmpfsdevtmpfs  2.1G     0  2.1G   0% /devtmpfs   tmpfs     2.1G     0  2.1G   0% /dev/shmtmpfs   tmpfs     2.1G   14M  2.1G   1% /runtmpfs   tmpfs     2.1G     0  2.1G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/sda1      xfs996M  172M  825M  18% /boot/dev/mapper/rhel-u01  xfs 30G   34M   30G   1% /u01tmpfs   tmpfs     413M  8.2k  413M   1% /run/user/42tmpfs   tmpfs     413M   46k  413M   1% /run/user/0[root@rhel76 ~]# df -h /tmp/Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/rhel-root   30G  4.3G   26G  15% /[root@rhel76 ~]# df -h /u01Filesystem     Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/rhel-u01   28G   33M   28G   1% /u01[root@rhel76 ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfoSwapTotal:1953788 kB注意：内存为2G，要求Swap分区的大小为2G5.查看系统架构[root@rhel76 ~]# uname -mx86_64[root@rhel76 ~]# cat /proc/versionLinux version 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 (mockbuild@x86-040.build.eng.bos.redhat.com) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Thu Oct 4 20:48:51 UTC 20186.解析/etc/hosts[root@rhel76 ~]# hostnamerhel76[root@rhel76 ~]# more /etc/hosts127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4::1  localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6此处vi加入以下内容：[root@rhel76 ~]# more /etc/hosts127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4::1  localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6192.168.6.81 rhel767.关闭防火墙还有selinuxsystemctl status firewalld.servicesystemctl stop firewalld.servicesystemctl disable firewalld.service[root@rhel76 ~]# more /etc/sysconfig/network# Created by anaconda[root@rhel76 ~]# [root@rhel76 ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)   Active: inactive (dead)     Docs: man:firewalld(1)Nov 21 22:14:51 rhel76 systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...Nov 21 22:14:52 rhel76 systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.Nov 21 22:30:01 rhel76 systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...Nov 21 22:30:01 rhel76 systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.[root@rhel76 ~]# /usr/sbin/sestatusSELinux status:   enabledSELinuxfs mount:  /sys/fs/selinuxSELinux root directory:  /etc/selinuxLoaded policy name:      targetedCurrent mode:     enforcingMode from config file:   enforcingPolicy MLS status:enabledPolicy deny_unknown status:     allowedMax kernel policy version:      31以上发现selinux是打开的修改/etc/selinux/config文件中设置SELINUX=disabled ，然后重启服务器8.CPU信息[root@rhel76 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c      2  Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-9750H CPU @ 2.60GHz     [root@rhel76 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo

📣 2.创建用户和组

#查看是否安装有Oracle软件[root@rhel76 ~]# more /etc/oraInst.loc#查看是否已存在相关用户组[root@rhel76 ~]# grep oinstall /etc/group[root@rhel76 ~]# grep dba /etc/group[root@rhel76 ~]# grep oper /etc/group[root@rhel76 ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54321 oinstall[root@rhel76 ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54322 dba[root@rhel76 ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54323 oper[root@rhel76 ~]# /usr/sbin/useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle--修改密码为oracle[root@rhel76 ~]# passwd oracle

📣 3.创建工作的目录

[root@rhel76 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle[root@rhel76 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/[root@rhel76 ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle

📣 4.配置Oracle的环境变量

[oracle@rhel76 ~]$ vi .bash_profileexport ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1export ORACLE_SID=mesdbexport PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin[oracle@rhel76 ~]$ source .bash_profile[oracle@rhel76 ~]$ env | grep ORACLEORACLE_SID=mesdbORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1

📣 5.修改内核参数

## 以下在root用户下操作[root@rhel76 ~]# cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.bakcat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << "EOF"fs.file-max = 6815744kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.shmall = 1073741824kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104kernel.panic_on_oops = 1net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048576fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500EOF## 环境变量生效[root@rhel76 ~]# sysctl --system

📣 6./etc/profile配置

## 以下root用户操作[root@rhel76 ~]# cp /etc/profile /etc/profile.bakcat >> /etc/profile << "EOF"if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then  ulimit -p 16384  ulimit -n 65536 else  ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fifiEOF[root@rhel76 ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/loginsession    required     pam_limits.so

📣 7.修改资源限制

## 以下root用户操作[root@rhel76 ~]# cp /etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf.bakcat >> /etc/security/limits.conf << "EOF"oracle soft nproc 2047oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft nofile 1024oracle hard nofile 65536EOF

📣 8.yum安装依赖

1.挂载光驱到/mnt/cdrom目录（确保设备状态：已连接/启动时连接）[root@rhel76 ~]# mkdir -p /mnt/cdrom[root@rhel76 ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrommount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only[root@rhel76 ~]# cd /mnt/cdrom && lsaddons  EULAGPL     isolinux  media.repo  repodata   RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-releaseEFI     extra_files.json  images  LiveOS    Packages    RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta  TRANS.TBL2.修改yum配置[root@rhel76 cdrom]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/[root@rhel76 yum.repos.d]# lltotal 4-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 358 Jun 26  2021 redhat.repo[root@rhel76 yum.repos.d]# vi dvd.repo[RHEL]name=RedHatbaseurl=file:///mnt/cdromgpgcheck=0gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-releaseenabled=13.清空并重载yumyum clean allyum makecache4.安装yumyum install -y bc gcc gcc-c++ binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++ dtrace-modules dtrace-modules-headersyum install -y dtrace-modules-provider-headers dtrace-utils elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel fontconfig-devel glibc glibc-develyum install -y ksh libaio libaio-devel libdtrace-ctf-devel libX11 libXau libXi libXtst libXrender libXrender-devel libgcc librdmacm-develyum install -y libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libxcb make smartmontools sysstatyum install -y kmod*yum install -y ksh*yum install -y libaio*yum install -y compat*

📣 9.解压软件授权

## oracle用户下操作[oracle@rhel76 ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1[root@rhel76 ~]# mv LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1[root@rhel76 ~]# cd /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1[root@rhel76 dbhome_1]# lltotal 2987996-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3059705302 Jul 26  2020 LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip[root@rhel76 dbhome_1]# cd ..[root@rhel76 19.3.0]# chown -R oracle:oinstall dbhome_1/[root@rhel76 19.3.0]# chmod -R +x dbhome_1/[oracle@rhel76 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME[oracle@rhel76 dbhome_1]$ unzip LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip##java环境确认[oracle@rhel76 response]$ java -versionopenjdk version "1.8.0_181"OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_181-b13)OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.181-b13, mixed mode)

📣 10.静默安装Oracle数据库

1.编辑rsp文件[oracle@rhel76 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/install/response[oracle@rhel76 response]$ cp db_install.rsp /tmpvi /tmp/db_install.rsp修改db_install.rsp文件中以下内容oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v19.0.0oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLYUNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstallINVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventoryORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EEoracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dbaoracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=operoracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dbaoracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dbaoracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dbaoracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dbaoracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=DATA_WAREHOUSE2.静默安装Oracle软件[oracle@rhel76 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /tmp/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq

📣 11.监听创建

静默配置监听[oracle@rhel76 ~]$ netca -silent -responseFile $ORACLE_HOME/assistants/netca/netca.rsp

📣 13.dbca建库

1.编辑dbca.rsp安装文件[root@rhel76 ~]# find / -name dbca.rsp/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp[oracle@rhel76 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca[oracle@rhel76 dbca]$ lltotal 28-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 25502 Apr  5  2019 dbca.rspdrwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall   242 Apr 17  2019 docdrwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall    41 Apr 17  2019 jlibdrwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall   171 Apr 17  2019 templates[oracle@rhel76 dbca]$ cp dbca.rsp /tmp[oracle@rhel76 ~]$ vi /tmp/dbca.rspresponseFileVersion=/home/oracle/rspfmt_dbca_response_schema_v19.0.0gdbName=mesdbsid=mesdbdatabaseConfigType=SItemplateName=General_Purpose.dbcsysPassword=oracleoracleHomeUserPassword=oracletotalMemory=1500sysPassword=oraclesystemPassword=oracledatafileDestination=/u01/app/oracle/oradatacharacterSet=ZHS16GBKnationalCharacterSet=AL16UTF16databaseType=OLTP2.静默安装数据库[oracle@rhel76 ~]$ dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /tmp/dbca.rsp

📣 14.登陆验证

[oracle@rhel76 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Tue Nov 22 00:45:21 2022Version 19.3.0.0.0Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionVersion 19.3.0.0.0SQL> show parameter nameNAME     TYPE VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------cdb_cluster_namestringcell_offloadgroup_name stringdb_file_name_convert   stringdb_name  string      mesdbdb_unique_name  string      mesdbglobal_names    boolean     FALSEinstance_name   string      mesdblock_name_space stringlog_file_name_convert  stringpdb_file_name_convert  stringprocessor_group_name   stringNAME     TYPE VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------service_names   string      mesdb

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