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手把手教你为 Spring Boot 应用制作 Docker 镜像，并实现配置文件外置_springboot docker镜像

网友: 技术文档 2025-07-30 11:54:40

在当今微服务架构盛行的时代，Spring Boot 凭借其快速开发、便捷部署的特性，成为了 Java 开发者构建后端服务的首选框架。而 Docker 作为容器化技术的佼佼者，能够实现应用程序及其依赖项的打包和隔离，极大地提升了应用部署的效率和一致性。本文将详细介绍如何为 Spring Boot 应用制作 Docker 镜像，并实现配置文件外置，让你的应用部署更加灵活高效。​

一、准备工作​

在开始制作 Docker 镜像和外置配置文件之前，确保你已经完成以下准备工作（不具体展开赘述，默认大家已具备）：​

  1. 安装 JDK：Spring Boot 应用需要 Java 运行环境，确保你的开发环境中已安装合适版本的 JDK（推荐 JDK 8 及以上）。​
  2. 安装 Maven 或 Gradle：用于构建 Spring Boot 项目，根据项目使用的构建工具进行安装。​
  3. 安装 Docker：前往 Docker 官方网站（https://www.docker.com/ ），根据你的操作系统下载并安装 Docker Desktop 或 Docker Engine。​

二、创建 Spring Boot 项目​并指定配置文件（比较简单，如果想要完整项目请评论区留言）

1.关键代码：

@EnableScheduling@SpringBootApplication@PropertySource(\"file:./application.properties\")public class ProjectApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(ProjectApplication.class, args);}}

@PropertySource(\"file:./application.properties\")把外部配置文件加载到 Spring 的环境当中。

2、请求验证接口Controller层，非常简单不在赘述

@RestControllerpublic class UserController {@GetMapping(\"/send/{cmd}\")public String SendCmd(@PathVariable String cmd) {return cmd;}}

2、配置文件：

server.port = 8082spring.application.name=springbootspring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding=true

3、将文件上传至Linux目录下（作者用的centos7）

[root@localhost fileConfig]# ll总用量 52612-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 104 5月 16 17:53 application.properties-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 53867587 5月 16 17:53 springboot-0.0.1.jar

三、编写 Dockerfile文件

1.创建名为Dockerfile的文件，内容如下：

FROM openjdk:8-jdk-alpineRUN mkdir -p /appPathWORKDIR /appPathARG JAR_FILE=springboot-0.0.1.jarCOPY ${JAR_FILE} app.jarEXPOSE 8082ENV TZ=Asia/Shanghai JAVA_OPTS=\"-Xms128m -Xmx256m -Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom\"CMD sleep 30; java -jar app.jar $JAVA_OPTS

2.放入同目录下

[root@localhost fileConfig]# ll总用量 52616-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 104 5月 16 17:53 application.properties-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 277 5月 16 18:27 Dockerfile-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 53867587 5月 16 17:53 springboot-0.0.1.jar

四、打docker镜像

1.打镜像

[root@localhost fileConfig]# docker build -t demo:0.1 .[+] Building 6.0s (9/9) FINISHED docker:default => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s => => transferring dockerfile: 375B 0.0s => [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s => => transferring context: 2B 0.0s => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/openjdk:8-jdk-alpine 0.7s => [internal] load build context 4.2s => => transferring context: 53.88MB 4.1s => CACHED [1/4] FROM docker.io/library/openjdk:8-jdk-alpine@sha256:94792824df2df33402f201713f932b58cb9de94a0cd524164a0f2283343547b3  0.0s => [2/4] RUN mkdir -p /appPath 3.8s => [3/4] WORKDIR /appPath  0.2s => [4/4] COPY springboot-0.0.1.jar app.jar0.3s => exporting to image  0.7s => => exporting layers  0.7s => => writing image sha256:aa7ed06093ce92c4a96473a1bd4ad00a00ef9b7477e2d1bd3a0fbc2807bcb71e  0.0s => => naming to docker.io/library/demo:0.10.0s

2.查看打好的镜像

[root@localhost fileConfig]# docker images|grep demodemo 0.1 aa7ed06093ce 3 minutes ago 159MB

五、启动容器

1、启动容器

[root@localhost fileConfig]# docker run -d -v $(pwd)/application.properties:/appPath/application.properties -p 8082:8082 --name demo01 demo:0.1b84e11a89dabf01aa0b987af12bd6284b5c56967250b33c05935fae93f386b9d

2、查看日志

[root@localhost fileConfig]# docker logs -f demo01 . ____ _ __ _ _ /\\\\ / ___\'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \\ \\ \\ \\( ( )\\___ | \'_ | \'_| | \'_ \\/ _` | \\ \\ \\ \\ \\\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) \' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v2.1.14.RELEASE)2025-05-16 18:44:34.937 INFO 1 --- [  main] com.kangwei.ProjectApplication  : Starting ProjectApplication v0.0.1 on b84e11a89dab with PID 1 (/appPath/app.jar started by root in /appPath)2025-05-16 18:44:34.984 INFO 1 --- [  main] com.kangwei.ProjectApplication  : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default2025-05-16 18:44:43.029 INFO 1 --- [  main] faultConfiguringBeanFactoryPostProcessor : No bean named \'errorChannel\' has been explicitly defined. Therefore, a default PublishSubscribeChannel will be created.2025-05-16 18:44:43.122 INFO 1 --- [  main] faultConfiguringBeanFactoryPostProcessor : No bean named \'integrationHeaderChannelRegistry\' has been explicitly defined. Therefore, a default DefaultHeaderChannelRegistry will be created.2025-05-16 18:44:43.931 INFO 1 --- [  main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean \'org.springframework.integration.config.IntegrationManagementConfiguration\' of type [org.springframework.integration.config.IntegrationManagementConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$f4cbbf60] is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying)2025-05-16 18:44:44.078 INFO 1 --- [  main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean \'integrationDisposableAutoCreatedBeans\' of type [org.springframework.integration.config.annotation.Disposables] is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying)2025-05-16 18:44:46.491 INFO 1 --- [  main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8082 (http)2025-05-16 18:44:46.661 INFO 1 --- [  main] o.a.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol : Initializing ProtocolHandler [\"http-nio-8082\"]2025-05-16 18:44:46.809 INFO 1 --- [  main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat]2025-05-16 18:44:46.810 INFO 1 --- [  main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.34]2025-05-16 18:44:47.608 INFO 1 --- [  main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext2025-05-16 18:44:47.615 INFO 1 --- [  main] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 12132 ms2025-05-16 18:44:50.518 INFO 1 --- [  main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Initializing ExecutorService \'applicationTaskExecutor\'2025-05-16 18:44:52.186 INFO 1 --- [  main] o.s.s.c.ThreadPoolTaskScheduler : Initializing ExecutorService \'taskScheduler\'2025-05-16 18:44:52.930 INFO 1 --- [  main] o.s.i.endpoint.EventDrivenConsumer : Adding {logging-channel-adapter:_org.springframework.integration.errorLogger} as a subscriber to the \'errorChannel\' channel2025-05-16 18:44:52.931 INFO 1 --- [  main] o.s.i.channel.PublishSubscribeChannel : Channel \'springboot.errorChannel\' has 1 subscriber(s).2025-05-16 18:44:52.931 INFO 1 --- [  main] o.s.i.endpoint.EventDrivenConsumer : started _org.springframework.integration.errorLogger2025-05-16 18:44:53.013 INFO 1 --- [  main] o.a.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol : Starting ProtocolHandler [\"http-nio-8082\"]2025-05-16 18:44:53.160 INFO 1 --- [  main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8082 (http) with context path \'\'2025-05-16 18:44:53.168 INFO 1 --- [  main] com.kangwei.ProjectApplication  : Started ProjectApplication in 24.336 seconds (JVM running for 27.486)

3、请求服务接口

[root@localhost fileConfig]# curl http://127.0.0.1:8082/send/123456789123456789[root@localhost fileConfig]#

八、总结​

通过以上步骤，我们成功地为 Spring Boot 应用制作了 Docker 镜像，并实现了配置文件外置。这样不仅能够方便地在不同环境中部署应用，还能灵活地修改配置，而无需重新构建镜像。希望本文对你在 Spring Boot 应用的容器化部署和配置管理方面有所帮助。

上述步骤已涵盖制作镜像与外置配置文件的核心操作。若你在实践中遇到问题，或想了解更多优化技巧，欢迎交流。

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