> 技术文档 > 【Java开发日记】说一说 SpringBoot 中 CommandLineRunner

【Java开发日记】说一说 SpringBoot 中 CommandLineRunner

目录

1、CommandLineRunner

SpringBoot中CommandLineRunner的作用

简单例子

多个类实现CommandLineRunner接口执行顺序的保证

通过实现Ordered接口实现控制执行顺序

通过@Order注解实现控制执行顺序

@Order 作用

2、ApplicationRunner

3、传递参数

4、源码跟踪

run()方法

callRunners方法


1、CommandLineRunner

SpringBoot中CommandLineRunner的作用

平常开发中有可能需要实现在项目启动后执行的功能,SpringBoot提供的一种简单的实现方案就是添加一个model并实现CommandLineRunner接口,实现功能的代码放在实现的run方法中。也就是项目一启动之后,就立即需要执行的动作。只需要在项目里面简单的配置,就可以实现这个功能。 

简单例子
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Componentpublic class MyStartupRunner implements CommandLineRunner { @Override public void run(String... args) throws Exception { System.out.println(\"项目已经启动\"); }}

多个类实现CommandLineRunner接口执行顺序的保证

通过实现Ordered接口实现控制执行顺序
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;import org.springframework.core.Ordered;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;/** * 优先级最高 * 该类期望在springboot 启动后第一顺位执行 * @since 12:57 **/@Slf4j@Componentpublic class HighOrderCommandLineRunner implements CommandLineRunner, Ordered { @Override public void run(String... args) throws Exception { for (String arg : args) { log.info(\"arg = \" + arg); } log.info(\"i am highOrderRunner\"); } @Override public int getOrder() { return Integer.MIN_VALUE+1; }}
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;import org.springframework.core.Ordered;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;/** * 优先级低于{@code HighOrderCommandLineRunner} * @since 12:59 **/@Slf4j@Componentpublic class LowOrderCommandLineRunner implements CommandLineRunner, Ordered { @Override public void run(String... args) throws Exception { log.info(\"i am lowOrderRunner\"); } @Override public int getOrder() { return Integer.MIN_VALUE+1; }}

启动Spring Boot程序后,控制台按照预定的顺序打印出了结果:

2020-05-30 23:11:03.685 INFO 11976 --- [  main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path \'\'2020-05-30 23:11:03.701 INFO 11976 --- [  main] c.f.Application : Started SpringBootApplication in 4.272 seconds (JVM running for 6.316)2020-05-30 23:11:03.706 INFO 11976 --- [  main] c.f.HighOrderCommandLineRunner : i am highOrderRunner2020-05-30 23:11:03.706 INFO 11976 --- [  main] c.f.LowOrderCommandLineRunner : i am lowOrderRunner
通过@Order注解实现控制执行顺序

SpringBoot在项目启动后会遍历所有实现CommandLineRunner的实体类并执行run方法,如果需要按照一定的顺序去执行,那么就需要在实体类上使用一个@Order注解(或者实现Order接口)来表明顺序

import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component@Order(value=2)public class MyStartupRunner1 implements CommandLineRunner { @Override public void run(String... args) throws Exception { System.out.println(\"执行2\"); }}
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component@Order(value=1)public class MyStartupRunner2 implements CommandLineRunner { @Override public void run(String... args) throws Exception { System.out.println(\"执行1\"); }}

控制台显示

执行1执行2

根据控制台结果可判断,@Order 注解的执行优先级是按value值从小到大顺序。

@Order 作用

项目启动之后,要执行的动作是比较的多,那么到底先执行哪个,那么就可以利用这个注解限定优先级。 :::danger Ordered接口并不能被 @Order注解所代替。

2、ApplicationRunner

在Spring Boot 1.3.0又引入了一个和CommandLineRunner功能一样的接口ApplicationRunnerCommandLineRunner接收可变参数String... args,而ApplicationRunner 接收一个封装好的对象参数ApplicationArguments。除此之外它们功能完全一样,甚至连方法名都一样。声明一个ApplicationRunner并让它优先级最低:

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;import org.springframework.core.Ordered;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.util.Arrays;import java.util.List;import java.util.Set;/** * 优先级最低 **/@Slf4j@Componentpublic class DefaultApplicationRunner implements ApplicationRunner, Ordered { @Override public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception { log.info(\"i am applicationRunner\"); Set optionNames = args.getOptionNames(); log.info(\"optionNames = \" + optionNames); String[] sourceArgs = args.getSourceArgs(); log.info(\"sourceArgs = \" + Arrays.toString(sourceArgs)); List nonOptionArgs = args.getNonOptionArgs(); log.info(\"nonOptionArgs = \" + nonOptionArgs); List optionValues = args.getOptionValues(\"foo\"); log.info(\"optionValues = \" + optionValues); } @Override public int getOrder() { return Integer.MIN_VALUE+2; }}

按照顺序打印了三个类的执行结果:

2020-06-01 13:02:39.420 INFO 19032 --- [  main] c.f.MybatisResultmapApplication : Started MybatisResultmapApplication in 1.801 seconds (JVM running for 2.266)2020-06-01 13:02:39.423 INFO 19032 --- [  main] c.f.HighOrderCommandLineRunner : i am highOrderRunner2020-06-01 13:02:39.423 INFO 19032 --- [  main] c.f.LowOrderCommandLineRunner : i am lowOrderRunner2020-06-01 13:02:39.423 INFO 19032 --- [  main] c.f.DefaultApplicationRunner : i am applicationRunner2020-06-01 13:02:39.423 INFO 19032 --- [  main] c.f.DefaultApplicationRunner : optionNames = []2020-06-01 13:02:39.423 INFO 19032 --- [  main] c.f.DefaultApplicationRunner : sourceArgs = []2020-06-01 13:02:39.423 INFO 19032 --- [  main] c.f.DefaultApplicationRunner : nonOptionArgs = []2020-06-01 13:02:39.423 INFO 19032 --- [  main] c.f.DefaultApplicationRunner : optionValues = null
 optionValues = null

Ordered接口并不能被 @Order注解所代替。

3、传递参数

Spring Boot应用启动时是可以接受参数的,换句话说也就是Spring Bootmain方法是可以接受参数的。这些参数通过命令行 java -jar yourapp.jar 来传递。CommandLineRunner会原封不动照单全收这些接口,这些参数也可以封装到ApplicationArguments对象中供ApplicationRunner调用。看一下ApplicationArguments的相关方法:

  • getSourceArgs() 被传递给应用程序的原始参数,返回这些参数的字符串数组。
  • getOptionNames() 获取选项名称的Set字符串集合。如 --spring.profiles.active=dev --debug 将返回[\"spring.profiles.active\",\"debug\"] 。
  • getOptionValues(String name) 通过名称来获取该名称对应的选项值。如--foo=bar --foo=baz 将返回[\"bar\",\"baz\"]
  • containsOption(String name) 用来判断是否包含某个选项的名称。
  • getNonOptionArgs() 用来获取所有的无选项参数。

可以通过下面的命令运行一个 Spring Boot应用 Jar

java -jar yourapp.jar --foo=bar --foo=baz --dev.name=fcant java fcantcn

或者在IDEA开发工具中打开Spring Boot应用main方法的配置项,进行命令行参数的配置,其他IDE工具同理。
运行Spring Boot应用,将会打印出:

2020-06-01 15:04:31.490 INFO 13208 --- [  main] c.f.HighOrderCommandLineRunner : arg = --foo=bar2020-06-01 15:04:31.490 INFO 13208 --- [  main] c.f.HighOrderCommandLineRunner : arg = --foo=baz2020-06-01 15:04:31.490 INFO 13208 --- [  main] c.f.HighOrderCommandLineRunner : arg = --dev.name=fcant2020-06-01 15:04:31.490 INFO 13208 --- [  main] c.f.HighOrderCommandLineRunner : arg = java2020-06-01 15:04:31.490 INFO 13208 --- [  main] c.f.HighOrderCommandLineRunner : arg = fcantcn2020-06-01 15:04:31.491 INFO 13208 --- [  main] c.f.HighOrderCommandLineRunner : i am highOrderRunner2020-06-01 15:04:31.491 INFO 13208 --- [  main] c.f.LowOrderCommandLineRunner : i am lowOrderRunner2020-06-01 15:04:31.491 INFO 13208 --- [  main] c.f.DefaultApplicationRunner : i am applicationRunner2020-06-01 15:04:31.491 INFO 13208 --- [  main] c.f.DefaultApplicationRunner : optionNames = [dev.name, foo]2020-06-01 15:04:31.491 INFO 13208 --- [  main] c.f.DefaultApplicationRunner : sourceArgs = [--foo=bar, --foo=baz, --dev.name=fcant, java, fcantcn]2020-06-01 15:04:31.491 INFO 13208 --- [  main] c.f.DefaultApplicationRunner : nonOptionArgs = [java, fcantcn]2020-06-01 15:04:31.491 INFO 13208 --- [  main] c.f.DefaultApplicationRunner : optionValues = [bar, baz]

然后就可以根据实际需要动态地执行一些逻辑。 

4、源码跟踪

通过源码理解一下底层实现。 

run()方法

跟进run方法后,一路F6直达以下方法

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) { StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch(); //设置线程启动计时器 stopWatch.start(); ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null; Collection exceptionReporters = new ArrayList(); //配置系统属性:默认缺失外部显示屏等允许启动 configureHeadlessProperty(); //获取并启动事件监听器,如果项目中没有其他监听器,则默认只有EventPublishingRunListener SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args); //将事件广播给listeners listeners.starting(); try { //对于实现ApplicationRunner接口,用户设置ApplicationArguments参数进行封装 ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments( args); //配置运行环境:例如激活应用***.yml配置文件 ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments); configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment); //加载配置的banner(gif,txt...),即控制台图样 Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment); //创建上下文对象,并实例化 context = createApplicationContext(); exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances( SpringBootExceptionReporter.class, new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context); //配置SPring容器 prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner); //刷新Spring上下文,创建bean过程中 refreshContext(context); //空方法,子类实现 afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments); //停止计时器:计算线程启动共用时间 stopWatch.stop(); if (this.logStartupInfo) { new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)  .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch); } //停止事件监听器 listeners.started(context); //开始加载资源 callRunners(context, applicationArguments); } catch (Throwable ex) { handleRunFailure(context, listeners, exceptionReporters, ex); throw new IllegalStateException(ex); } listeners.running(context); return context;}

主要是熟悉SpringBoot的CommandLineRunner接口实现原理。因此上面SpringBoot启动过程方法不做过多介绍。直接进入CallRunners()方法内部。 

callRunners方法
private void callRunners(ApplicationContext context, ApplicationArguments args) { //将实现ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner接口的类,存储到集合中 List runners = new ArrayList(); runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(ApplicationRunner.class).values()); runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(CommandLineRunner.class).values()); //按照加载先后顺序排序 AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(runners); for (Object runner : new LinkedHashSet(runners)) { if (runner instanceof ApplicationRunner) { callRunner((ApplicationRunner) runner, args); } if (runner instanceof CommandLineRunner) { callRunner((CommandLineRunner) runner, args); } }}
private void callRunner(CommandLineRunner runner, ApplicationArguments args) { try { //调用各个实现类中的逻辑实现 (runner).run(args.getSourceArgs()); } catch (Exception ex) { throw new IllegalStateException(\"Failed to execute CommandLineRunner\", ex); }}

到此结束,再跟进run()方法,就可以看到资源加载逻辑。

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