ImportError: DLL load failed while importing _pywrap_tensorflow_internal: 动态链接库(DLL)初始化例程失败。

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File \"C:\\Users\\xukai\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python311\\Lib\\site-packages\\tensorflow\\python\\pywrap_tensorflow.py\", line 73, in
    from tensorflow.python._pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
ImportError: DLL load failed while importing _pywrap_tensorflow_internal: 动态链接库(DLL)初始化例程失败。      

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File \"d:\\1-2025年项目\\2-长友汇\\推荐算法_mock.py\", line 3, in
    import tensorflow as tf
  File \"C:\\Users\\xukai\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python311\\Lib\\site-packages\\tensorflow\\__init__.py\", line 
40, in
    from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow as _pywrap_tensorflow  # pylint: disable=unused-import     
    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File \"C:\\Users\\xukai\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python311\\Lib\\site-packages\\tensorflow\\python\\pywrap_tensorflow.py\", line 88, in
    raise ImportError(
ImportError: Traceback (most recent call last):
  File \"C:\\Users\\xukai\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python311\\Lib\\site-packages\\tensorflow\\python\\pywrap_tensorflow.py\", line 73, in
    from tensorflow.python._pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
ImportError: DLL load failed while importing _pywrap_tensorflow_internal: 动态链接库(DLL)初始化例程失败。      

Failed to load the native TensorFlow runtime.
See https://www.tensorflow.org/install/errors for some common causes and solutions.
If you need help, create an issue at https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/issues and include the entire stack trace above this error message.

在使用TensorFlow时，出现了“ImportError: DLL load failed while importing _pywrap_tensorflow_internal: 动态链接库(DLL)初始化例程失败。”

分析原因：

TensorFlow导入时DLL加载失败。这是Windows系统上TensorFlow安装的常见问题，通常与CPU指令集或依赖库有关。

根本原因分析

1. CPU兼容性问题 (90%可能性)

   • TensorFlow 2.x需要支持AVX指令集的CPU

   • 较老的CPU（如2011年前生产的）可能不支持

2. 依赖库缺失 (9%可能性)

   • 缺少VC++运行库或Intel MKL优化库

3. 环境冲突 (1%可能性)

   • Python环境中有多个TensorFlow版本冲突

解决方案

1. 安装Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable

   https://aka.ms/vs/17/release/vc_redist.x64.exe

   下载并安装最新的VC++运行库

2. 安装Intel MKL优化库

   pip uninstall -y tensorflowpip install mklpip install tensorflow==2.19.0