> 技术文档 > 分享一个tauri-plugin-http的工具类

分享一个tauri-plugin-http的工具类

技术文档

使用tauri的时候在rust代码中发起http请求，分享一个tauri插件tauri-plugin-http的工具类：

同时分享一个自己写的小工具，使用tauri2+开发的粘贴板工具：https://jingchuanyuexiang.com

GitHub: https://github.com/1750777402/ClipPal
Gitee: https://gitee.com/ygz123/clip-pal

下面是工具类代码，复制即用：

#![allow(dead_code)]use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};use std::collections::HashMap;use tauri_plugin_http::{ reqwest, reqwest::header::{CONTENT_TYPE, HeaderMap, HeaderName, HeaderValue},};/// 统一API响应结构体#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]pub struct ApiResponse<T> { pub code: i32, pub message: String, pub data: Option<T>, pub timestamp: i64,}/// 原始HTTP响应结构体（用于任意返回格式）#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]pub struct RawResponse<T> { pub status: u16, pub headers: HashMap<String, String>, pub data: T, pub url: String,}/// HTTP请求配置#[derive(Debug, Clone)]pub struct HttpConfig { pub timeout: Option<u64>, pub headers: Option<HashMap<String, String>>, pub user_agent: Option<String>,}impl Default for HttpConfig { fn default() -> Self { Self { timeout: Some(30), headers: None, user_agent: Some(\"ClipPal/1.0\".to_string()), } }}/// HTTP请求错误#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]pub enum HttpError { #[error(\"请求失败: {0}\")] RequestFailed(String), #[error(\"序列化失败: {0}\")] SerializationFailed(String), #[error(\"反序列化失败: {0}\")] DeserializationFailed(String), #[error(\"无效的URL: {0}\")] InvalidUrl(String), #[error(\"超时: {0}\")] Timeout(String), #[error(\"网络错误: {0}\")] NetworkError(String), #[error(\"全局AppHandle获取失败\")] AppHandleNotFound,}/// HTTP客户端pub struct HttpClient { config: HttpConfig,}impl HttpClient { /// 创建新的HTTP客户端 pub fn new() -> Self { Self { config: HttpConfig::default(), } } /// 使用自定义配置创建HTTP客户端 pub fn with_config(config: HttpConfig) -> Self { Self { config } } /// 设置请求配置 pub fn set_config(mut self, config: HttpConfig) -> Self { self.config = config; self } /// 设置超时时间 pub fn timeout(mut self, timeout: u64) -> Self { self.config.timeout = Some(timeout); self } /// 设置请求头 pub fn headers(mut self, headers: HashMap<String, String>) -> Self { self.config.headers = Some(headers); self } /// 设置User-Agent pub fn user_agent(mut self, user_agent: String) -> Self { self.config.user_agent = Some(user_agent); self } /// 发起GET请求（返回ApiResponse格式） pub async fn get<T>(&self, url: &str) -> Result<ApiResponse<T>, HttpError> where T: for<\'de> Deserialize<\'de>, { self.request::<(), T>(\"GET\", url, None, None).await } /// 发起带查询参数的GET请求（返回ApiResponse格式） pub async fn get_with_params<T>( &self, url: &str, params: &HashMap<String, String>, ) -> Result<ApiResponse<T>, HttpError> where T: for<\'de> Deserialize<\'de>, { let url_with_params = self.build_url_with_params(url, params)?; self.request::<(), T>(\"GET\", &url_with_params, None, None) .await } /// 发起POST请求（返回ApiResponse格式） pub async fn post<T, U>(&self, url: &str, data: Option<&T>) -> Result<ApiResponse<U>, HttpError> where T: Serialize, U: for<\'de> Deserialize<\'de>, { self.request(\"POST\", url, data, None).await } /// 发起带JSON数据的POST请求（返回ApiResponse格式） pub async fn post_json<T, U>(&self, url: &str, data: &T) -> Result<ApiResponse<U>, HttpError> where T: Serialize, U: for<\'de> Deserialize<\'de>, { let mut headers = HashMap::new(); headers.insert(\"Content-Type\".to_string(), \"application/json\".to_string()); self.request_with_headers(\"POST\", url, Some(data), Some(headers)) .await } /// 发起带表单数据的POST请求（返回ApiResponse格式） pub async fn post_form<T, U>( &self, url: &str, data: &HashMap<String, String>, ) -> Result<ApiResponse<U>, HttpError> where U: for<\'de> Deserialize<\'de>, { let mut headers = HashMap::new(); headers.insert( \"Content-Type\".to_string(), \"application/x-www-form-urlencoded\".to_string(), ); self.request_with_headers(\"POST\", url, Some(data), Some(headers)) .await } /// 发起带自定义请求头的请求（返回ApiResponse格式） pub async fn request_with_headers<T, U>( &self, method: &str, url: &str, data: Option<&T>, headers: Option<HashMap<String, String>>, ) -> Result<ApiResponse<U>, HttpError> where T: Serialize, U: for<\'de> Deserialize<\'de>, { let mut all_headers = self.config.headers.clone().unwrap_or_default(); if let Some(custom_headers) = headers { all_headers.extend(custom_headers); } self.request(method, url, data, Some(all_headers)).await } // ========== 通用HTTP请求方法（返回任意格式） ========== /// 发起GET请求（返回原始响应格式） pub async fn get_raw<T>(&self, url: &str) -> Result<RawResponse<T>, HttpError> where T: for<\'de> Deserialize<\'de>, { self.request_raw::<(), T>(\"GET\", url, None, None).await } /// 发起带查询参数的GET请求（返回原始响应格式） pub async fn get_with_params_raw<T>( &self, url: &str, params: &HashMap<String, String>, ) -> Result<RawResponse<T>, HttpError> where T: for<\'de> Deserialize<\'de>, { let url_with_params = self.build_url_with_params(url, params)?; self.request_raw::<(), T>(\"GET\", &url_with_params, None, None) .await } /// 发起POST请求（返回原始响应格式） pub async fn post_raw<T, U>( &self, url: &str, data: Option<&T>, ) -> Result<RawResponse<U>, HttpError> where T: Serialize, U: for<\'de> Deserialize<\'de>, { self.request_raw(\"POST\", url, data, None).await } /// 发起带JSON数据的POST请求（返回原始响应格式） pub async fn post_json_raw<T, U>( &self, url: &str, data: &T, ) -> Result<RawResponse<U>, HttpError> where T: Serialize, U: for<\'de> Deserialize<\'de>, { let mut headers = HashMap::new(); headers.insert(\"Content-Type\".to_string(), \"application/json\".to_string()); self.request_with_headers_raw(\"POST\", url, Some(data), Some(headers)) .await } /// 发起带表单数据的POST请求（返回原始响应格式） pub async fn post_form_raw<T, U>( &self, url: &str, data: &HashMap<String, String>, ) -> Result<RawResponse<U>, HttpError> where U: for<\'de> Deserialize<\'de>, { let mut headers = HashMap::new(); headers.insert( \"Content-Type\".to_string(), \"application/x-www-form-urlencoded\".to_string(), ); self.request_with_headers_raw(\"POST\", url, Some(data), Some(headers)) .await } /// 发起带自定义请求头的请求（返回原始响应格式） pub async fn request_with_headers_raw<T, U>( &self, method: &str, url: &str, data: Option<&T>, headers: Option<HashMap<String, String>>, ) -> Result<RawResponse<U>, HttpError> where T: Serialize, U: for<\'de> Deserialize<\'de>, { let mut all_headers = self.config.headers.clone().unwrap_or_default(); if let Some(custom_headers) = headers { all_headers.extend(custom_headers); } self.request_raw(method, url, data, Some(all_headers)).await } /// 核心请求方法（返回ApiResponse格式） async fn request<T, U>( &self, method: &str, url: &str, data: Option<&T>, headers: Option<HashMap<String, String>>, ) -> Result<ApiResponse<U>, HttpError> where T: Serialize, U: for<\'de> Deserialize<\'de>, { let response_text = self.execute_request(method, url, data, headers).await?; // 直接反序列化为ApiResponse let api_response: ApiResponse<U> = serde_json::from_str(&response_text).map_err(|e| { HttpError::DeserializationFailed(format!(\"反序列化ApiResponse失败: {}\", e)) })?; Ok(api_response) } /// 核心请求方法（返回原始响应格式） async fn request_raw<T, U>( &self, method: &str, url: &str, data: Option<&T>, headers: Option<HashMap<String, String>>, ) -> Result<RawResponse<U>, HttpError> where T: Serialize, U: for<\'de> Deserialize<\'de>, { let (status, response_url, response_headers, response_text) = self .execute_request_with_response(method, url, data, headers) .await?; // 读取响应头 let mut headers_map = HashMap::new(); for (key, value) in response_headers.iter() { if let Ok(value_str) = value.to_str() { headers_map.insert(key.as_str().to_string(), value_str.to_string()); } } // 反序列化响应数据 let response_data = if response_text.is_empty() { serde_json::from_str(\"null\").map_err(|e| { HttpError::DeserializationFailed(format!(\"反序列化空响应失败: {}\", e)) })? } else { serde_json::from_str(&response_text) .map_err(|e| HttpError::DeserializationFailed(format!(\"反序列化响应失败: {}\", e)))? }; Ok(RawResponse { status, headers: headers_map, data: response_data, url: response_url, }) } /// 执行HTTP请求并返回响应文本（公共方法） async fn execute_request<T>( &self, method: &str, url: &str, data: Option<&T>, headers: Option<HashMap<String, String>>, ) -> Result<String, HttpError> where T: Serialize, { let (_, _, _, response_text) = self .execute_request_with_response(method, url, data, headers) .await?; Ok(response_text) } /// 执行HTTP请求并返回响应信息（公共方法） async fn execute_request_with_response<T>( &self, method: &str, url: &str, data: Option<&T>, headers: Option<HashMap<String, String>>, ) -> Result<(u16, String, reqwest::header::HeaderMap, String), HttpError> where T: Serialize, { // 打印请求信息（debug级别） log::debug!(\"=== HTTP请求开始 ===\"); log::debug!(\"请求方法: {}\", method); log::debug!(\"请求URL: {}\", url); // 验证URL let _parsed_url = reqwest::Url::parse(url) .map_err(|e| { let error_msg = format!(\"无效的URL: {}\", e); log::error!(\"URL验证失败: {}\", error_msg); HttpError::InvalidUrl(error_msg) })?; // 构建请求体 let body = if let Some(data) = data { serde_json::to_string(data) .map_err(|e| {  let error_msg = format!(\"序列化请求数据失败: {}\", e);  log::error!(\"请求数据序列化失败: {}\", error_msg);  HttpError::SerializationFailed(error_msg) })? } else { String::new() }; // 打印请求体信息（debug级别） if !body.is_empty() { log::debug!(\"请求体: {}\", body); } else { log::debug!(\"请求体: 空\"); } // 构建请求头 let mut header_map = HeaderMap::new(); // 设置默认User-Agent if let Some(user_agent) = &self.config.user_agent { header_map.insert( \"User-Agent\", HeaderValue::from_str(user_agent)  .map_err(|e| { let error_msg = format!(\"无效的User-Agent: {}\", e); log::error!(\"User-Agent设置失败: {}\", error_msg); HttpError::RequestFailed(error_msg)  })?, ); log::debug!(\"User-Agent: {}\", user_agent); } // 设置Content-Type if !body.is_empty() && method != \"GET\" { header_map.insert(CONTENT_TYPE, HeaderValue::from_static(\"application/json\")); log::debug!(\"Content-Type: application/json\"); } // 设置自定义请求头 if let Some(custom_headers) = headers { log::debug!(\"自定义请求头:\"); for (key, value) in &custom_headers { let header_name = HeaderName::from_lowercase(key.to_lowercase().as_bytes())  .map_err(|e| { let error_msg = format!(\"无效的请求头名称: {}\", e); log::error!(\"请求头名称无效: {}\", error_msg); HttpError::RequestFailed(error_msg)  })?; header_map.insert(  header_name,  HeaderValue::from_str(value) .map_err(|e| { let error_msg = format!(\"无效的请求头值: {}\", e); log::error!(\"请求头值无效: {}\", error_msg); HttpError::RequestFailed(error_msg) })?, ); log::debug!(\" {}: {}\", key, value); } } // 构建请求选项 let mut options = tauri_plugin_http::reqwest::ClientBuilder::new(); // 设置超时 if let Some(timeout) = self.config.timeout { options = options.timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(timeout)); log::debug!(\"请求超时设置: {}秒\", timeout); } // 发起请求 let client = options .build() .map_err(|e| { let error_msg = format!(\"创建HTTP客户端失败: {}\", e); log::error!(\"HTTP客户端创建失败: {}\", error_msg); HttpError::RequestFailed(error_msg) })?; let request_builder = match method.to_uppercase().as_str() { \"GET\" => client.get(url), \"POST\" => client.post(url).body(body), \"PUT\" => client.put(url).body(body), \"DELETE\" => client.delete(url), \"PATCH\" => client.patch(url).body(body), _ => { let error_msg = format!(\"不支持的HTTP方法: {}\", method); log::error!(\"不支持的HTTP方法: {}\", error_msg); return Err(HttpError::RequestFailed(error_msg)); } }; let request = request_builder .headers(header_map) .build() .map_err(|e| { let error_msg = format!(\"构建请求失败: {}\", e); log::error!(\"请求构建失败: {}\", error_msg); HttpError::RequestFailed(error_msg) })?; log::debug!(\"=== 开始执行HTTP请求 ===\"); // 执行请求 let response = client .execute(request) .await .map_err(|e| { let error_msg = format!(\"网络请求失败: {}\", e); log::error!(\"网络请求执行失败: {}\", error_msg); log::error!(\"错误详情: {:?}\", e); HttpError::NetworkError(error_msg) })?; let status = response.status().as_u16(); let response_url = response.url().to_string(); let response_headers = response.headers().clone(); log::debug!(\"=== HTTP响应信息 ===\"); log::debug!(\"响应状态码: {}\", status); log::debug!(\"响应URL: {}\", response_url); log::debug!(\"响应头数量: {}\", response_headers.len()); // 打印响应头信息（debug级别） for (name, value) in response_headers.iter() { if let Ok(value_str) = value.to_str() { log::debug!(\"响应头 {}: {}\", name, value_str); } } let response_text = response .text() .await .map_err(|e| { let error_msg = format!(\"读取响应失败: {}\", e); log::error!(\"响应内容读取失败: {}\", error_msg); log::error!(\"错误详情: {:?}\", e); HttpError::NetworkError(error_msg) })?; // 根据状态码决定日志级别 match status { 200..=299 => { // 成功状态码 (2xx) log::debug!(\"=== HTTP请求成功 ===\"); log::debug!(\"状态码: {} (成功)\", status); log::debug!(\"响应内容长度: {} 字符\", response_text.len()); // 如果响应内容太长，只打印前500个字符 if response_text.len() > 500 {  log::debug!(\"响应内容预览: {}...\", &response_text[..500]); } else {  log::debug!(\"响应内容: {}\", response_text); } } 300..=399 => { // 重定向状态码 (3xx) log::debug!(\"=== HTTP请求重定向 ===\"); log::debug!(\"状态码: {} (重定向)\", status); log::debug!(\"响应内容: {}\", response_text); } 400..=499 => { // 客户端错误状态码 (4xx) log::error!(\"=== HTTP请求失败 (客户端错误) ===\"); log::error!(\"状态码: {} (客户端错误)\", status); log::error!(\"响应内容: {}\", response_text); } 500..=599 => { // 服务器错误状态码 (5xx) log::error!(\"=== HTTP请求失败 (服务器错误) ===\"); log::error!(\"状态码: {} (服务器错误)\", status); log::error!(\"响应内容: {}\", response_text); } _ => { // 其他未知状态码 log::warn!(\"=== HTTP请求未知状态 ===\"); log::warn!(\"状态码: {} (未知)\", status); log::warn!(\"响应内容: {}\", response_text); } } Ok((status, response_url, response_headers, response_text)) } /// 构建带查询参数的URL fn build_url_with_params( &self, base_url: &str, params: &HashMap<String, String>, ) -> Result<String, HttpError> { let mut url = reqwest::Url::parse(base_url) .map_err(|e| HttpError::InvalidUrl(format!(\"无效的URL: {}\", e)))?; for (key, value) in params { url.query_pairs_mut().append_pair(key, value); } Ok(url.to_string()) }}/// 返回ApiResponse格式的HTTP请求函数pub async fn get<T>(url: &str) -> Result<ApiResponse<T>, HttpError>where T: for<\'de> Deserialize<\'de>,{ HttpClient::new().get(url).await}pub async fn post<T, U>(url: &str, data: &T) -> Result<ApiResponse<U>, HttpError>where T: Serialize, U: for<\'de> Deserialize<\'de>,{ HttpClient::new().post_json(url, data).await}/// 便捷的HTTP请求函数（返回原始响应格式）pub async fn get_raw<T>(url: &str) -> Result<RawResponse<T>, HttpError>where T: for<\'de> Deserialize<\'de>,{ HttpClient::new().get_raw(url).await}pub async fn post_raw<T, U>(url: &str, data: &T) -> Result<RawResponse<U>, HttpError>where T: Serialize, U: for<\'de> Deserialize<\'de>,{ HttpClient::new().post_json_raw(url, data).await}