【MySQL】视图
目录
一. 视图
1.1 什么是视图
1.2 创建视图
1.3 修改数据
1.4 删除视图
1.5 视图的优点
二. 用户
2.1 查看用户
2.2 创建用户
2.3 修改密码
2.4 删除用户
三. 权限
3.1 查看当前用户权限
3.2 添加权限
3.3 回收权限
一. 视图
上期我们学习了联合查询,但是往往联合查询语句是很复杂的,当我们需要多次使用同一个语句进行查询时,就会显得非常麻烦,所以我们引入的视图来对复杂的SQL语句进行封装,以此来简化语句。
1.1 什么是视图
视图是由SELECT语句定义的虚拟表,它的结构和数据来源于底层的基表,视图中存储的其实是查询语句,当用户访问视图时,数据库会执行该查询语句,从基表中提取数据并返回结果。用户可以像操作普通表一样使用视图进行查询、更新、管理。
像上述的SQL语句是一个4张表联合查询的语句,如此复杂的语句就可以使用视图进行封装,对SQL语句进行简化~
1.2 创建视图
创建视图语法:
# 语法CREATE VIEW view_name [(column_list)] AS select_statement创建 视图关键字 视图名称 查询语句
测试数据:查询MySQL成绩比Java成绩好的同学
mysql> select distinct *from student s,score s1,score s2,course c1,course c2 where s.id=s1.student_id -> and s.id=s2.student_id and s1.course_id=c1.id and s2.course_id=c2.id -> and c1.name=\'Java\' and c2.name=\'MySQL\' and s1.sco<s2.sco;+----+-----------+--------+------+--------+----------+------+------------+-----------+------+------------+-----------+----+------+----+-------+| id | name | sno | age | gender | class_id | sco | student_id | course_id | sco | student_id | course_id | id | name | id | name |+----+-----------+--------+------+--------+----------+------+------------+-----------+------+------------+-----------+----+------+----+-------+| 1 | 唐三藏 | 100001 | 18 | 男 | 1 | 70.5 | 1 | 1 | 98.5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | Java | 3 | MySQL || 3 | 猪悟能 | 100003 | 18 | 男 | 1 | 33 | 3 | 1 | 68 | 3 | 3 | 1 | Java | 3 | MySQL |+----+-----------+--------+------+--------+----------+------+------------+-----------+------+------------+-----------+----+------+----+-------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
像以上这样复杂了SQL语句 ,我们每次都需要打这么多并且还需要思考联合查询的逻辑,是不是相当的麻烦,所以我们使用视图进行包装一下:
-- 创建视图CREATE VIEW v_Java_or_MySQL ASSELECT DISTINCT s.id, s.name, s1.sco AS java_sco, -- 给 Java 课程成绩取别名 s2.sco AS mysql_sco -- 给 MySQL 课程成绩取别名FROM student s, score s1, score s2, course c1, course c2WHERE s.id = s1.student_id AND s.id = s2.student_id AND s1.course_id = c1.id AND s2.course_id = c2.id AND c1.name = \'Java\' AND c2.name = \'MySQL\' AND s1.sco select *from v_Java_or_MySQL;+----+-----------+----------+-----------+| id | name | java_sco | mysql_sco |+----+-----------+----------+-----------+| 1 | 唐三藏 | 70.5 | 98.5 || 3 | 猪悟能 | 33 | 68 |+----+-----------+----------+-----------+2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
查询学生的姓名和总分(隐藏学号和各科成绩):
-- 直接使用真实表查询mysql> select s.name,sum(sc.sco)from student s,score sc where s.id=sc.student_id group by s.name;+-----------+-------------+| name | sum(sc.sco) |+-----------+-------------+| 唐三藏 | 469 || 孙悟空 | 179.5 || 猪悟能 | 200 || 沙悟净 | 218 || 宋江 | 118 || 武松 | 178 || 李逹 | 172 |+-----------+-------------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)-- 但是此时还可以使用学号进行查询mysql> select s.sno,sum(sc.sco)from student s,score sc where s.id=sc.student_id group by s.sno;+--------+-------------+| sno | sum(sc.sco) |+--------+-------------+| 100001 | 469 || 100002 | 179.5 || 100003 | 200 || 100004 | 218 || 200001 | 118 || 200002 | 178 || 200003 | 172 |+--------+-------------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)-- 使用视图mysql> create view v_total as select s.name,sum(sc.sco)from student s,score sc where s.id=sc.student_id group by s.name;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)-- 查询视图mysql> select name from v_total;+-----------+| name |+-----------+| 唐三藏 || 孙悟空 || 猪悟能 || 沙悟净 || 宋江 || 武松 || 李逹 |+-----------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)-- 此时就只能从视图中查询到学生名字,查询不到学生的学号了
那么以上情况如果直接使用真实表进行查询,想要查看什么信息就只需要加上需要查看的字段即可,但是假设现在是一个银行系统,如果能够这样随机查看想要查看的内容,那么就没有办法保证信息的安全性了。
视图还可以与真实表进行表连接查询:
mysql> select *from student,v_total where student.name=v_total.name;+----+-----------+--------+------+--------+----------+-----------+-------------+| id | name | sno | age | gender | class_id | name | sum(sc.sco) |+----+-----------+--------+------+--------+----------+-----------+-------------+| 1 | 唐三藏 | 100001 | 18 | 男 | 1 | 唐三藏 | 469 || 2 | 孙悟空 | 100002 | 18 | 女 | 1 | 孙悟空 | 179.5 || 3 | 猪悟能 | 100003 | 18 | 男 | 1 | 猪悟能 | 200 || 4 | 沙悟净 | 100004 | 18 | 男 | 1 | 沙悟净 | 218 || 5 | 宋江 | 200001 | 18 | 女 | 2 | 宋江 | 118 || 6 | 武松 | 200002 | 18 | 男 | 2 | 武松 | 178 || 7 | 李逹 | 200003 | 18 | 男 | 2 | 李逹 | 172 |+----+-----------+--------+------+--------+----------+-----------+-------------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.3 修改数据
对真实表的数据进行修改,会影响视图,是因为视图的本质并没有保存数据,可以理解为保存的是查询语句,当我使用视图时就会调用保存的查询语句返回结果,所以真实表的数据不管怎么变,我每一次使用视图都是一次新的查询。
将孙悟空的Java成绩修改为99分:
-- 修改成绩mysql> update score set sco=99 where student_id =(select student.id from student where name=\'孙悟空\') -> and course_id= (select course.id from course where name=\'Java\');Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)Rows matched: 2 Changed: 2 Warnings: 0-- 查看修改结果mysql> select *from student,score,course where student.id=score.student_id and course.id=score.course_id and student.name=\'孙悟空\' and course.name=\'Java\';+----+-----------+--------+------+--------+----------+------+------------+-----------+----+------+| id | name | sno | age | gender | class_id | sco | student_id | course_id | id | name |+----+-----------+--------+------+--------+----------+------+------------+-----------+----+------+| 2 | 孙悟空 | 100002 | 18 | 女 | 1 | 99 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Java || 2 | 孙悟空 | 100002 | 18 | 女 | 1 | 99 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Java |+----+-----------+--------+------+--------+----------+------+------------+-----------+----+------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)-- 这里查询出两条数据是因为有重复数据
不仅通过真实表修改数据会影响视图,通过视图修改数据也会影响到基表:
-- 封装该语句mysql> select student.id,student.name,student.sno,course.name,score.sco from student,score,course where student.id=score.student_id and course.id=score.course_id and student.name=\'孙悟空\' and course.name=\'Java\';+----+-----------+--------+------+------+| id | name | sno | name | sco |+----+-----------+--------+------+------+| 2 | 孙悟空 | 100002 | Java | 99 || 2 | 孙悟空 | 100002 | Java | 99 |+----+-----------+--------+------+------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)-- 创建视图mysql> create view v_java_sco as select student.id,student.name as\'学生姓名\',student.sno,course.name as \'课程名称\',score.sco from student,score,course where student.id=score.student_id and course.id=score.course_id and student.name=\'孙悟空\' and course.name=\'Java\';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)-- 查看视图mysql> select *from v_java_sco;+----+--------------+--------+--------------+------+| id | 学生姓名 | sno | 课程名称 | sco |+----+--------------+--------+--------------+------+| 2 | 孙悟空 | 100002 | Java | 99 || 2 | 孙悟空 | 100002 | Java | 99 |+----+--------------+--------+--------------+------+2 rows in set (0.01 sec)-- 通过视图将孙悟空的java成绩修改成60mysql> update v_java_sco set sco=60;Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)Rows matched: 2 Changed: 2 Warnings: 0mysql> select *from v_java_sco;+----+--------------+--------+--------------+------+| id | 学生姓名 | sno | 课程名称 | sco |+----+--------------+--------+--------------+------+| 2 | 孙悟空 | 100002 | Java | 60 || 2 | 孙悟空 | 100002 | Java | 60 |+----+--------------+--------+--------------+------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)-- 查看真实表中孙悟空的java成绩mysql> select student.id,student.name,student.sno,course.name,score.sco from student,score,course where student.id=score.student_id and course.id=score.course_id and student.name=\'孙悟空\' and course.name=\'Java\';+----+-----------+--------+------+------+| id | name | sno | name | sco |+----+-----------+--------+------+------+| 2 | 孙悟空 | 100002 | Java | 60 || 2 | 孙悟空 | 100002 | Java | 60 |+----+-----------+--------+------+------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)--此时就修改好了
但是不是所有的视图都可以进行修改的:
具有以下条件的视图不可以修改:
- 创建视图时使用聚合函数
- 创建视图时使用distinct
- 创建视图使用group by 以及having子句
- 创建视图使用union 或者union all
- 查询列表使用子查询
- 在from子句中引用不可更新的视图
所以通过视图修改数据的情况是很苛刻的,大部分情况下我们还是直接修改真实表即可
1.4 删除视图
删除视图语法:
drop view view_name;
删除刚才创建的所有视图:
-- 查看创建的视图mysql> show tables;+-----------------+| Tables_in_test |+-----------------+| class || course || score || student || student1 || v_java_or_mysql || v_java_sco || v_total |+-----------------+8 rows in set (0.01 sec)-- 表名前面带v的都是刚才创建的视图--删除视图mysql> drop view v_java_or_mysql,v_java_sco,v_total;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)-- 查看mysql> show tables;+----------------+| Tables_in_test |+----------------+| class || course || score || student || student1 |+----------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
那么现在就将刚才创建的视图全部删除啦
1.5 视图的优点
- 简单性:视图可以将复杂的SQL语句进行封装,变成一个简单的查询语句
- 安全性:视图可以隐藏表中的敏感数据,比如上面举的银行的例子
- 逻辑数据独立性:即使底层表结构发生变化,只需要修改视图定义,不需要修改依赖视图的应用程序,使用到应用程序与数据库的解耦合
- 重命名列:视图允许用户重命名列,增强数据可读性
二. 用户
数据库服务安装完成后会存在一个默认的root用户(超级管理员),该用户拥有最高权限可以操纵和管理所有数据库,但是此时我们只希望某个用户操纵和管理当前应用对应的数据库,而不能操纵和管理其他的数据库,这个时候我们就需要为当前数据库添加一个用户并指定用户的权限。
对于上图中的用户来说,root用户可以操纵所有的数据库,普通用户1和普通用户分别可以操纵DB1和DB3,而只读用户1和只读用户2分别只能访问DB3和DB4
2.1 查看用户
在MySQL中,用户的信息保存在系统数据库中的user表中,通过select语句进行查看:
mysql> use mysql;Database changedmysql> show tables;+------------------------------------------------------+| Tables_in_mysql |+------------------------------------------------------+| columns_priv || component|| db || default_roles || engine_cost || func || general_log || global_grants || gtid_executed || help_category || help_keyword || help_relation || help_topic || innodb_index_stats || innodb_table_stats || ndb_binlog_index || password_history || plugin || procs_priv || proxies_priv || replication_asynchronous_connection_failover || replication_asynchronous_connection_failover_managed || replication_group_configuration_version || replication_group_member_actions || role_edges || server_cost || servers || slave_master_info || slave_relay_log_info || slave_worker_info || slow_log || tables_priv || time_zone|| time_zone_leap_second || time_zone_name || time_zone_transition || time_zone_transition_type || user |+------------------------------------------------------+38 rows in set (0.01 sec)-- 查看user表中的记录mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from user;+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+| host | user | authentication_string |+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED || localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED || localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED || localhost | root | $A$005$:lRRDCz`gy 6xV4l)8dprmrb/V/NB5bxkBfio9M6TlZ495kbMKJN6ThY2ngtA |+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
host:表示谁可以登录
user:表示用户名
authentication_string:表示加密后的用户密码
2.2 创建用户
那么我们试着创建一个用户,创建用户语法:
create user \'user_name\'@\'host_name\' identified by \'auth_string\';
\'user_name\'@\'host_name\'是一个用户描述的方式
‘user_name’部分就是用来登录MySQL的用户名
‘host_name’部分是可以登录的主机名或者IP,只有指定的机器才能访问当前MySQL,如果不指定host_name相当于\'user_name\'@\'%\'表示所有主机都可以连接到数据库,这样可能会导致安全问题,而\'user_name\'@\'host_name\'如果写成\'user_name@host_name\'就相当于\'user_name@host_name\'@‘%’
‘auth_string’是密码的明文
host_name可以通过子网掩码设置主机范围:
比如192.168.10.10/24
此时的网络号为192.168.10.0,主机IP为192.168.10.1 ~ 192.168.10.254的主机都可以访问数据库
创建用户:
mysql> create user \'sunny\'@\'localhost\' identified by \'8888\';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from user;+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+| host | user | authentication_string |+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED || localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED || localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED || localhost | root | $A$005$:lRRDCz`gy 6xV4l)8dprmrb/V/NB5bxkBfio9M6TlZ495kbMKJN6ThY2ngtA || localhost | sunny | $A$005$WJbOO%|␦b.]1[\\yThHOt7iiYP/L7zpGxlQF.7An0JcX0Z5S3cN8evWhI0 |+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)-- 此时就创建出了一个sunny用户,只允许从本机登录,密码为8888
创建一个新用户,允许从192.168.10.1/24网段登录:
-- 创建用户mysql> create user \'rain\'@\'192.168.10.1/24\' identified by \'666\';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)-- 查看mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from user;+-----------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+| host | user | authentication_string |+-----------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+YHq-@m5k8N10.1/24 | rain | $A$005$[ !KAcYdfddk6qCr2pR1C1rsL5wg1GUesPDmkxHu6ugS/xB7 || localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED || localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED || localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED || localhost | root | $A$005$:lRRDCz`gy 6xV4l)8dprmrb/V/NB5bxkBfio9M6TlZ495kbMKJN6ThY2ngtA || localhost | sunny | $A$005$WJbOO%|␦b.]1[\\yThHOt7iiYP/L7zpGxlQF.7An0JcX0Z5S3cN8evWhI0 |+-----------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
创建完成后,我们使用新用户登录试试:
C:\\Users\\86130>mysql -usunny -pEnter password: ****Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g.Your MySQL connection id is 19Server version: 8.0.39 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || performance_schema |+--------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)-- 此时可以看见当前sunny用户是没有权限查询数据库中的表的,后面我们再设置C:\\Users\\86130>mysql -urain -pEnter password: ***ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user \'rain\'@\'localhost\' (using password: YES)-- 此时我们无法使用rain用户登录,因为我当前电脑的ipv4地址不在192.168.10.0这个网段C:\\Users\\86130>ipconfigWindows IP 配置无线局域网适配器 本地连接* 1: 媒体状态 . . . . . . . . . . . . : 媒体已断开连接 连接特定的 DNS 后缀 . . . . . . . :无线局域网适配器 本地连接* 2: 媒体状态 . . . . . . . . . . . . : 媒体已断开连接 连接特定的 DNS 后缀 . . . . . . . :无线局域网适配器 WLAN: 连接特定的 DNS 后缀 . . . . . . . : 本地链接 IPv6 地址. . . . . . . . : fe80::6e1a:d0a1:d53b:f417%18 IPv4 地址 . . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.4.7.98 子网掩码 . . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.128.0 默认网关. . . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.4.0.1
2.3 修改密码
修改密码语法:
-- 为指定用户设置密码alter user \'user_name\'@\'host_name\' idenified by \'auth_string\';-- 方法2set password for \'user_name\'@\'host_name\'=\'anth_string\';-- 为当前用户设置密码set password =\'auth_string\';
以root超级管理员身份登录,为\'sunny\'@\'localhost\'用户设置密码:
-- 修改密码mysql> alter user \'sunny\'@\'localhost\' identified by \'6\';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)-- 使用sunny用户登录C:\\Users\\86130>mysql -usunny -pEnter password: *Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g.Your MySQL connection id is 24Server version: 8.0.39 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.-- 查看当前登录用户mysql> select user();+-----------------+| user() |+-----------------+| sunny@localhost |+-----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2.4 删除用户
删除用户语法:
drop user \'user_name\'@\'host_name\';
删除刚才创建的rain用户:
mysql> drop user \'rain\'@\'192.168.10.1/24\';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)-- 查看mysql> use mysql;Database changedmysql> select host,user,authentication_string from user;+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+| host | user | authentication_string |+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED || localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED || localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED || localhost | root | $A$005$:lRRDCz`gy 6xV4l)8dprmrb/V/NB5bxkBfio9M6TlZ495kbMKJN6ThY2ngtA || localhost | sunny | $A$005$? ~\\cbKr␦/Gzjgr.l8OElY0DFIhNwB18s3ec9bWO6n7VKkM1CzhzL/wo5 |+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
三. 权限
用户创建好之后,我们需要给用户赋予一些专属的权限,那么我们现在来看看有哪些权限
其中ALL表示所有的权限,root管理员则拥有这样的权限
对于刚创建的用户是没有任何权限的:比如sunny用户
C:\\Users\\86130>mysql -usunny -pEnter password: *Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g.Your MySQL connection id is 26Server version: 8.0.39 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || performance_schema |+--------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)-- 此时连当前数据库中有哪些表都查看不了
3.1 查看当前用户权限
查看语法:
show grants for \'user_name\'@\'host_name\'
查看sunny用户拥有的权限:
mysql> show grants for \'sunny\'@\'localhost\';+-------------------------------------------+| Grants for sunny@localhost |+-------------------------------------------+| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO `sunny`@`localhost` |+-------------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)-- USAGE表示没有任何权限
3.2 添加权限
添加权限语法:
grant priv_type on ptiv_level to \'user_name\'@\'host_name\';
priv_type:权限类型
priv_level: * | *.* | db_name.* | db_name.tbl_name | tbl_name,*.*表⽰所有数据库下的所有表
为sunny用户授权于查看test数据的权限:
-- 授予权限mysql> grant select on test.* to \'sunny\'@\'localhost\';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)-- 查看mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || performance_schema || test |+--------------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec) -- 查看test库中的表mysql> use test;Database changedmysql> show tables;+----------------+| Tables_in_test |+----------------+| class || course || score || student || student1 |+----------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select *from student;+----+----------+--------+------+--------+----------+| id | name | sno | age | gender | class_id |+----+----------+--------+------+--------+----------+| 1 | 唐三藏 | 100001 | 18 | 男 | 1 || 2 | 孙悟空 | 100002 | 18 | 女 | 1 || 3 | 猪悟能 | 100003 | 18 | 男 | 1 || 4 | 沙悟净 | 100004 | 18 | 男 | 1 || 5 | 宋江 | 200001 | 18 | 女 | 2 || 6 | 武松 | 200002 | 18 | 男 | 2 || 7 | 李逹 | 200003 | 18 | 男 | 2 || 8 | 不想毕业 | 200004 | 18 | 女 | 2 |+----+----------+--------+------+--------+----------+8 rows in set (0.00 sec)-- 添加数据失败,因为没有添加的权限mysql> insert into student values(null,\'张三\',\'300001\',18,\'男\',2);ERROR 1142 (42000): INSERT command denied to user \'sunny\'@\'localhost\' for table \'student\'-- 查看sunny用户的权限mysql> show grants for \'sunny\'@\'localhost\';+-------------------------------------------------+| Grants for sunny@localhost|+-------------------------------------------------+| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO `sunny`@`localhost` || GRANT SELECT ON `test`.* TO `sunny`@`localhost` |+-------------------------------------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)-- 此时可以发现多了一个select权限
为sunny用户授权test数据库所有权限:
mysql> grant ALL on test.* to \'sunny\'@\'localhost\';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)-- 查看mysql> show grants for \'sunny\'@\'localhost\';+---------------------------------------------------------+| Grants for sunny@localhost |+---------------------------------------------------------+| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO `sunny`@`localhost` || GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `test`.* TO `sunny`@`localhost` |+---------------------------------------------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)-- 此时就拥有了所有的权限-- 插入新的记录mysql> insert into student values (null, \'张三\', \'300001\', 18, \'男\',2);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)-- 此时就添加成功了-- 删除刚才添加的记录mysql> delete from student where name=\'张三\';Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
3.3 回收权限
能够为用户授予权限,当前也能够回收权限啦,回收权限语法:
revoke priv_type on priv_level from \'user_name\'@\'host_name\';
回收sunny用户的对于test数据库的权限:
mysql> revoke all on *.* from \'sunny\'@\'localhost\';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)-- 查看mysql> show grants for \'sunny\'@\'localhost\';+-------------------------------------------+| Grants for sunny@localhost |+-------------------------------------------+| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO `sunny`@`localhost` |+-------------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)-- 此时就没有任何权限了
注意事项:
给用户赋予权限和收回权限时都需要注意当前用户是否有赋予其他用户权限的能力和收回其他用户权限的能力,所以当我们最好使用root超级管理员来对其他用户进行操作