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如何在Ubuntu 20.04上安装搭建Zimbra开源邮件服务器_Ubuntu系统配置Zimbra邮件服务

网友: 技术文档 2025-09-02 20:14:03

Zimbra是什么？

       Zimbra是Synacor，Inc.开发的开源电子邮件、日历和协作软件套件。它附带一个shell脚本，可以自动在Linux服务器上安装和配置所有必要的邮件服务器组件，从而消除手动安装和配置。使用Zimbra，您可以轻松地在基于web的管理面板中创建无限邮箱和无限邮件域。电子邮件帐户可以在MariaDB或OpenLDAP中管理。以下是Zimbra将自动安装和配置的开源软件列表。

  • 后缀SMTP服务器

  • Nginx web服务器为管理控制台和webmail提供服务。它还将用作IMAP/POP3代理。

  • Jetty：运行Zimbra软件的web应用服务器。

  • OpenLDAP存储Zimbra系统配置、Zimbra全局地址列表，并提供用户身份验证。

  • MariaDB数据库

  • OpenDKIM：用于DKIM签名和验证

  • 一个新的：MTA和内容扫描程序之间的接口。

  • SpamAssassin用于反垃圾邮件

  • ClamAV：反病毒扫描仪

  • Lucene：开源全功能文本和搜索引擎

  • ApacheJSieve：电子邮件过滤器

  • LibreOffice：高保真文档预览

  • Aspell：Zimbra Web客户端上使用的开源拼写检查器

  • memcached：开源对象缓存系统。

  • 未绑定：轻量级快速DNS解析程序。

Zimbra还附带了一些自己开发的软件：

  • zimbra drive：云存储。

  • zimbra聊天：文本聊天。

  • zimbra talk：具有屏幕共享和文件共享功能的群信息和视频会议。

  • mailboxd：它自己开发的IMAP/POP3服务器。

Zimbra有两个版本：

  • 免费开源版。

  • 商业支持的网络版，60天免费试用。

        一些著名的Zimbra用户包括：Mozilla、Skype、O\'Reilly Media、斯坦福大学和康卡斯特。在本文中，我们将使用开源版本（OSE）。

Zimbra – 系统要求

根据Zimbra文档，您的系统应该满足以下最低配置。

  • 中央处理器 – 1.5 GHz
  • 内存 – 8 GB
  • 存储空间 – 5 GB用于安装

环境

系统：Ubuntu20.04

ip地址：192.168.1.66（用内网举例

域名：mail.example.com

初始服务器设置 

首先，切换到root用户

sudo -i

接下来，更新和升级Ubuntu

apt updateapt upgrade -y

之后，设置主机名

hostnamectl set-hostname mail.example.com

现在，您需要编辑hosts文件

vim /etc/hosts

 此文件应该包含：

127.0.0.1 localhost127.0.1.1 mail.example.com mail192.168.1.66 mail.example.com mail

安装与配置 Dnsmasq

我们需要安装 Dnsmasq 以创建和管理 Zimbra 所需的若干 DNS 记录，然后禁用 systemd-resolved 以避免 Dnsmasq 与 systemd-resolved 之间产生冲突。

systemctl stop systemd-resolved
systemctl disable systemd-resolved

删除原有的resolv.conf并创建新的

rm -f /etc/resolv.conf
vim /etc/resolv.conf

接下来，添加以下内容

nameserver 8.8.8.8

安装Dnsmasq

apt install dnsmasq -y

备份现有的Dnsmasq配置文件并编辑文件

cp /etc/dnsmasq.conf /etc/dnsmasq.conf.bak
vim /etc/dnsmasq.conf

添加以下内容，不要忘记替换您的IP地址与域名

server= 192.168.1.66domain= example.commx-host= example.com, mail.example.com, 5mx-host= mail.example.com, mail.example.com, 5listen-address= 127.0.0.1

现在保存文件。如果您运行dig命令，您应该会得到以下输出

root@mail:~# dig -t A mail.example.com ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> -t A mail.example.com;; global options: +cmd;; Got answer:;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 15272;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 512;; QUESTION SECTION:;mail.example.com.  IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION:mail.example.com. 1799 IN A 192.168.1.66 ;; Query time: 31 msec;; SERVER: 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8);; WHEN: Wed Jul 30 14:59:46 CEST 2025;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 61
root@mail:~# dig -t MX example.com ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> -t MX example.com;; global options: +cmd;; Got answer:;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 4658;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 512;; QUESTION SECTION:;example.com.  IN MX ;; ANSWER SECTION:example.com. 1799 IN MX 10 mail.example.com. ;; Query time: 35 msec;; SERVER: 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8);; WHEN: Wed Jul 30 14:59:05 CEST 2025;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 61

安装Zimbra开源版

下载并解压zimbra

wget https://files.zimbra.com/downloads/8.8.15_GA/zcs-8.8.15_GA_4179.UBUNTU20_64.20211118033954.tgz
tar xvzf zcs-8.8.15_GA_4179.UBUNTU20_64.20211118033954.tgz
cd zcs-8.8.15_GA_4179.UBUNTU20_64.20211118033954

安装Zimbra

./install.sh

您将被要求同意许可和其他几个问题，您必须回答以下内容

Do you agree with the terms of the software license agreement? [N] y

Use Zimbra\'s package repository [Y] y

Warning: apt-key output should not be parsed (stdout is not a terminal)

Importing Zimbra GPG key

Configuring package repository

Checking for installable packages

Found zimbra-core (local)

Found zimbra-ldap (local)

Found zimbra-logger (local)

Found zimbra-mta (local)

Found zimbra-dnscache (local)

Found zimbra-snmp (local)

Found zimbra-store (local)

Found zimbra-apache (local)

Found zimbra-spell (local)

Found zimbra-memcached (repo)

Found zimbra-proxy (local)

Found zimbra-drive (repo)

Found zimbra-imapd (local)

Found zimbra-patch (repo)

Found zimbra-mta-patch (repo)

Found zimbra-proxy-patch (repo)

Select the packages to install

Install zimbra-ldap [Y] y

Install zimbra-logger [Y] y

Install zimbra-mta [Y] y

Install zimbra-dnscache [Y] n

Install zimbra-snmp [Y] y

Install zimbra-store [Y] y

Install zimbra-apache [Y] y

Install zimbra-spell [Y] y

Install zimbra-memcached [Y] y

Install zimbra-proxy [Y] y

Install zimbra-drive [Y] n

Install zimbra-imapd (BETA - for evaluation only) [N] n

Install zimbra-chat [Y] n

Checking required space for zimbra-core

Checking space for zimbra-store

Checking required packages for zimbra-store

zimbra-store package check complete.

The system will be modified.  Continue? [N] y

Beginning Installation - see /tmp/install.log.UUJ9kVuj for details...

                          zimbra-core-components will be downloaded and installed.

                            zimbra-timezone-data will be installed.

                   zimbra-common-mbox-conf-attrs will be installed.

                          zimbra-common-core-jar will be installed.

                  zimbra-common-mbox-conf-rights will be installed.

                         zimbra-common-core-libs will be installed.

                    zimbra-common-mbox-conf-msgs will be installed.

                           zimbra-common-mbox-db will be installed.

                         zimbra-common-mbox-docs will be installed.

                   zimbra-common-mbox-native-lib will be installed.

                         zimbra-common-mbox-conf will be installed.

                                     zimbra-core will be installed.

                          zimbra-ldap-components will be downloaded and installed.

                                     zimbra-ldap will be installed.

                                   zimbra-logger will be installed.

                           zimbra-mta-components will be downloaded and installed.

                                      zimbra-mta will be installed.

                      zimbra-dnscache-components will be downloaded and installed.

                                 zimbra-dnscache will be installed.

                          zimbra-snmp-components will be downloaded and installed.

                                     zimbra-snmp will be installed.

                         zimbra-store-components will be downloaded and installed.

                       zimbra-jetty-distribution will be downloaded and installed.

                          zimbra-mbox-store-libs will be installed.

                                zimbra-mbox-conf will be installed.

                   zimbra-mbox-admin-console-war will be installed.

                                 zimbra-mbox-war will be installed.

                       zimbra-mbox-webclient-war will be installed.

                             zimbra-mbox-service will be installed.

                                    zimbra-store will be installed.

                        zimbra-apache-components will be downloaded and installed.

                                   zimbra-apache will be installed.

                         zimbra-spell-components will be downloaded and installed.

                                    zimbra-spell will be installed.

                                zimbra-memcached will be downloaded and installed.

                         zimbra-proxy-components will be downloaded and installed.

                                    zimbra-proxy will be installed.

                                    zimbra-patch will be downloaded and installed                                                                                                                                                                                                             (later).

                                zimbra-mta-patch will be downloaded and installed                                                                                                                                                                                                             (later).

                              zimbra-proxy-patch will be downloaded and installed                                                                                                                                                                                                             (later).

Downloading packages (11):

   zimbra-core-components

   zimbra-ldap-components

   zimbra-mta-components

   zimbra-dnscache-components

   zimbra-snmp-components

   zimbra-store-components

   zimbra-jetty-distribution

   zimbra-apache-components

   zimbra-spell-components

   zimbra-memcached

   zimbra-proxy-components

      ...done

Removing /opt/zimbra

Removing zimbra crontab entry...done.

Cleaning up zimbra init scripts...done.

Cleaning up /etc/security/limits.conf...done.

Finished removing Zimbra Collaboration Server.

安装过程可能会很长 请您耐心等待。

Main menu

   1) Common Configuration:

   2) zimbra-ldap:                             Enabled

   3) zimbra-logger:                           Enabled

   4) zimbra-mta:                              Enabled

   5) zimbra-dnscache:                         Enabled

   6) zimbra-snmp:                             Enabled

   7) zimbra-store:                            Enabled

        +Create Admin User:                    yes

        +Admin user to create:                 admin@mail.example.com

******* +Admin Password                        UNSET

        +Anti-virus quarantine user:           virus-quarantine.3liys4nw@mail.example.com

        +Enable automated spam training:       yes

        +Spam training user:                   spam.cfzvesa2d5@mail.example.com

        +Non-spam(Ham) training user:          ham.ofijq5m5@mail.example.com

        +SMTP host:                            mail.example.com

        +Web server HTTP port:                 8080

        +Web server HTTPS port:                8443

        +Web server mode:                      https

        +IMAP server port:                     7143

        +IMAP server SSL port:                 7993

        +POP server port:                      7110

        +POP server SSL port:                  7995

        +Use spell check server:               yes

        +Spell server URL:              http://mail.example.com:7780/aspell.php                 

        +Enable version update checks:         TRUE

        +Enable version update notifications:  TRUE

        +Version update notification email:    admin@mail.example.com

        +Version update source email:          admin@mail.example.com

        +Install mailstore (service webapp):   yes

        +Install UI (zimbra,zimbraAdmin webapps): yes

   8) zimbra-spell:                            Enabled

   9) zimbra-proxy:                            Enabled

  10) Default Class of Service Configuration:

   s) Save config to file

   x) Expand menu

   q) Quit

Address unconfigured (**) items  (? - help) 7

Store configuration

   1) Status:                                  Enabled

   2) Create Admin User:                       yes

   3) Admin user to create:                    admin@mail.example.com

** 4) Admin Password                           UNSET

   5) Anti-virus quarantine user:              virus-quarantine.3liys4nw@mail.example.com

   6) Enable automated spam training:          yes

   7) Spam training user:                      spam.cfzvesa2d5@mail.example.com

   8) Non-spam(Ham) training user:             ham.ofijq5m5@mail.example.com

   9) SMTP host:                               mail.example.com

  10) Web server HTTP port:                    8080

  11) Web server HTTPS port:                   8443

  12) Web server mode:                         https

  13) IMAP server port:                        7143

  14) IMAP server SSL port:                    7993

  15) POP server port:                         7110

  16) POP server SSL port:                     7995

  17) Use spell check server:                  yes

  18) Spell server URL:                http://mail.example.com:7780/aspell.php       

  19) Enable version update checks:            TRUE

  20) Enable version update notifications:     TRUE

  21) Version update notification email:       admin@mail.example.com

  22) Version update source email:             admin@mail.example.com

  23) Install mailstore (service webapp):      yes

  24) Install UI (zimbra,zimbraAdmin webapps): yes

Select, or \'r\' for previous menu [r] 4

Password for admin@mail.example.com (min 6 characters): [m3XShBkX] 123456 (最少6位

Store configuration

   1) Status:                                  Enabled

   2) Create Admin User:                       yes

   3) Admin user to create:                    admin@mail.example.com

   4) Admin Password                           set

   5) Anti-virus quarantine user:              virus-quarantine.3liys4nw@mail.example.com

   6) Enable automated spam training:          yes

   7) Spam training user:                      spam.cfzvesa2d5@mail.example.com

   8) Non-spam(Ham) training user:             ham.ofijq5m5@mail.example.com

   9) SMTP host:                               mail.example.com

  10) Web server HTTP port:                    8080

  11) Web server HTTPS port:                   8443

  12) Web server mode:                         https

  13) IMAP server port:                        7143

  14) IMAP server SSL port:                    7993

  15) POP server port:                         7110

  16) POP server SSL port:                     7995

  17) Use spell check server:                  yes

  18) Spell server URL:                 http://mail.example.com:7780/aspell.php               

  19) Enable version update checks:            TRUE

  20) Enable version update notifications:     TRUE

  21) Version update notification email:       admin@mail.example.com

  22) Version update source email:             admin@mail.example.com

  23) Install mailstore (service webapp):      yes

  24) Install UI (zimbra,zimbraAdmin webapps): yes

Select, or \'r\' for previous menu [r] r

Main menu

   1) Common Configuration:

   2) zimbra-ldap:                             Enabled

   3) zimbra-logger:                           Enabled

   4) zimbra-mta:                              Enabled

   5) zimbra-dnscache:                         Enabled

   6) zimbra-snmp:                             Enabled

   7) zimbra-store:                            Enabled

   8) zimbra-spell:                            Enabled

   9) zimbra-proxy:                            Enabled

  10) Default Class of Service Configuration:

   s) Save config to file

   x) Expand menu

   q) Quit

*** CONFIGURATION COMPLETE - press \'a\' to apply

Select from menu, or press \'a\' to apply config (? - help) a

Save configuration data to a file? [Yes]

Save config in file: [/opt/zimbra/config.21298]

Saving config in /opt/zimbra/config.21298...done.

The system will be modified - continue? [No] yes

在安装结束时，系统会询问您是否要通知Zimbra

Notify Zimbra of your installation? [Yes] no

然后耐心等待安装结束。

登录

系统管理员：https://192.168.1.66:7071
客户端：https://192.168.1.66

如果您无法访问，则防火墙可能正在运行。您需要允许端口通过防火墙

ufw allow 25,80,110,143,443,465,587,993,995,5222,5223,9071,7071/tcp

至此安装结束

总结

通过以上步骤，您可以轻松在Ubuntu20.04系统上成功安装和配置Zimbra邮件服务器。Zimbra提供了丰富的功能，可以帮助您轻松管理企业邮件服务。在配置过程中，请确保仔细阅读每一步的提示，以确保配置正确无误。

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