es-toolkit面向对象:类与接口的设计模式应用
es-toolkit面向对象:类与接口的设计模式应用
【免费下载链接】es-toolkit A modern JavaScript utility library that\'s 2-3 times faster and up to 97% smaller—a major upgrade to lodash. 项目地址: https://gitcode.com/GitHub_Trending/es/es-toolkit
在现代JavaScript开发中,面向对象编程(Object-Oriented Programming,OOP)仍然是构建复杂应用程序的核心范式。es-toolkit作为一个高性能的实用工具库,不仅提供了丰富的函数式工具,还内置了强大的面向对象设计模式实现。本文将深入探讨es-toolkit中类与接口的设计模式应用,帮助开发者构建更健壮、可维护的应用程序。
设计模式在es-toolkit中的体现
1. 单例模式(Singleton Pattern)的实现
es-toolkit通过缓存机制实现了单例模式的变体。memoize
函数确保相同参数的函数调用只执行一次,后续调用直接返回缓存结果:
import { memoize } from \'es-toolkit\';// 模拟一个昂贵的计算函数const expensiveCalculation = (input: number) => { console.log(\'Calculating...\'); return input * 2;};// 创建单例化的计算函数const memoizedCalculation = memoize(expensiveCalculation);// 第一次调用会执行计算console.log(memoizedCalculation(5)); // 输出: Calculating... 10// 第二次相同参数的调用直接返回缓存结果console.log(memoizedCalculation(5)); // 输出: 10 (无Calculating日志)// 访问缓存状态console.log(memoizedCalculation.cache.size); // 输出: 1
2. 工厂方法模式(Factory Method Pattern)
es-toolkit的memoize
函数支持自定义缓存实现,这是工厂方法模式的典型应用:
import { memoize, MemoizeCache } from \'es-toolkit\';// 自定义缓存实现接口class CustomCache implements MemoizeCache { private storage = new Map(); set(key: K, value: V): void { this.storage.set(key, value); } get(key: K): V | undefined { return this.storage.get(key); } has(key: K): boolean { return this.storage.has(key); } delete(key: K): boolean { return this.storage.delete(key); } clear(): void { this.storage.clear(); } get size(): number { return this.storage.size; }}// 使用自定义缓存工厂const customCache = new CustomCache();const factoryMemoized = memoize( (x: number) => x * x, { cache: customCache });
3. 观察者模式(Observer Pattern)的实现
虽然es-toolkit没有直接的观察者模式实现,但可以通过其工具函数构建:
import { debounce, throttle } from \'es-toolkit\';class Observable { private observers: Array void> = []; // 使用debounce防止观察者被过于频繁地调用 private notifyObservers = debounce((data: any) => { this.observers.forEach(observer => observer(data)); }, 100); subscribe(observer: (data: any) => void): void { this.observers.push(observer); } unsubscribe(observer: (data: any) => void): void { this.observers = this.observers.filter(obs => obs !== observer); } notify(data: any): void { this.notifyObservers(data); }}
并发控制的设计模式
4. 信号量模式(Semaphore Pattern)
es-toolkit提供了Semaphore
类来实现经典的信号量模式:
import { Semaphore } from \'es-toolkit\';class ResourcePool { private semaphore: Semaphore; private resources: any[]; constructor(resources: any[], maxConcurrent: number) { this.semaphore = new Semaphore(maxConcurrent); this.resources = resources; } async acquireResource(): Promise { await this.semaphore.acquire(); return this.resources.pop(); } releaseResource(resource: any): void { this.resources.push(resource); this.semaphore.release(); }}// 使用示例const pool = new ResourcePool([{ id: 1 }, { id: 2 }, { id: 3 }], 2);async function useResource() { const resource = await pool.acquireResource(); try { // 使用资源 console.log(`Using resource ${resource.id}`); await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 1000)); } finally { pool.releaseResource(resource); }}// 并发测试useResource();useResource();useResource(); // 第三个调用会等待前两个完成
5. 互斥锁模式(Mutex Pattern)
Mutex
类提供了互斥锁的实现:
import { Mutex } from \'es-toolkit\';class BankAccount { private balance = 1000; private mutex = new Mutex(); async withdraw(amount: number): Promise { await this.mutex.acquire(); try { if (this.balance >= amount) { this.balance -= amount; return true; } return false; } finally { this.mutex.release(); } } async deposit(amount: number): Promise { await this.mutex.acquire(); try { this.balance += amount; } finally { this.mutex.release(); } } getBalance(): number { return this.balance; }}
接口设计与类型安全
6. 策略模式(Strategy Pattern)接口
es-toolkit的接口设计支持策略模式的实现:
import { MemoizeCache } from \'es-toolkit\';// 定义缓存策略接口interface CacheStrategy extends MemoizeCache { readonly maxSize: number; readonly hitCount: number; readonly missCount: number;}// LRU缓存策略实现class LRUCache implements CacheStrategy { private cache = new Map(); private accessOrder: K[] = []; private hits = 0; private misses = 0; constructor(public readonly maxSize: number = 100) {} set(key: K, value: V): void { if (this.cache.size >= this.maxSize) { const lruKey = this.accessOrder.shift(); if (lruKey) this.cache.delete(lruKey); } this.cache.set(key, value); this.updateAccessOrder(key); } get(key: K): V | undefined { if (this.cache.has(key)) { this.hits++; this.updateAccessOrder(key); return this.cache.get(key); } this.misses++; return undefined; } has(key: K): boolean { return this.cache.has(key); } delete(key: K): boolean { this.accessOrder = this.accessOrder.filter(k => k !== key); return this.cache.delete(key); } clear(): void { this.cache.clear(); this.accessOrder = []; this.hits = 0; this.misses = 0; } get size(): number { return this.cache.size; } get hitCount(): number { return this.hits; } get missCount(): number { return this.misses; } private updateAccessOrder(key: K): void { this.accessOrder = this.accessOrder.filter(k => k !== key); this.accessOrder.push(key); }}
7. 装饰器模式(Decorator Pattern)
利用es-toolkit的函数工具实现装饰器模式:
import { memoize, debounce, retry } from \'es-toolkit\';class DataService { // 使用memoize装饰器缓存结果 @memoizeDecorator async fetchUserData(userId: string): Promise { // 模拟API调用 return { id: userId, name: `User ${userId}` }; } // 使用debounce装饰器防抖 @debounceDecorator(300) async searchUsers(query: string): Promise { // 模拟搜索API return [{ id: \'1\', name: query }]; } // 使用retry装饰器重试机制 @retryDecorator(3, 1000) async updateUser(userId: string, data: any): Promise { // 模拟可能失败的更新操作 if (Math.random() > 0.7) throw new Error(\'Update failed\'); console.log(`User ${userId} updated`); }}// 装饰器实现function memoizeDecorator(target: any, propertyKey: string, descriptor: PropertyDescriptor) { const originalMethod = descriptor.value; descriptor.value = memoize(originalMethod); return descriptor;}function debounceDecorator(delay: number) { return function (target: any, propertyKey: string, descriptor: PropertyDescriptor) { const originalMethod = descriptor.value; descriptor.value = debounce(originalMethod, delay); return descriptor; };}function retryDecorator(maxAttempts: number, delay: number) { return function (target: any, propertyKey: string, descriptor: PropertyDescriptor) { const originalMethod = descriptor.value; descriptor.value = async function (...args: any[]) { return retry(() => originalMethod.apply(this, args), { maxAttempts, delay }); }; return descriptor; };}
设计模式的最佳实践表格
memoize
函数MemoizeCache
debounce
+自定义实现Semaphore
类Mutex
类性能优化与设计模式
实战案例:电商库存管理系统
import { Semaphore, memoize, debounce } from \'es-toolkit\';interface Product { id: string; name: string; price: number; stock: number;}class InventoryManager { private products = new Map(); private inventorySemaphore = new Semaphore(10); // 最大10个并发库存操作 // 使用memoize缓存产品信息 getProduct = memoize((productId: string): Product | undefined => { return this.products.get(productId); }); // 库存操作使用信号量控制并发 async updateStock(productId: string, quantity: number): Promise { await this.inventorySemaphore.acquire(); try { const product = this.products.get(productId); if (!product) return false; if (product.stock + quantity { console.log(`预警: 产品 ${productId} 库存仅剩 ${currentStock}`); // 实际中这里可以发送邮件或消息通知 }, 1000); async purchase(productId: string, quantity: number): Promise { const success = await this.updateStock(productId, -quantity); if (success) { const product = this.getProduct(productId); if (product && product.stock < 10) { this.notifyLowStock(productId, product.stock); } } return success; }}
总结
es-toolkit通过其丰富的面向对象设计模式实现,为现代JavaScript开发提供了强大的工具集。从并发控制的Semaphore
和Mutex
类,到缓存优化的memoize
函数,再到灵活的接口设计,es-toolkit帮助开发者构建更加健壮、可维护的应用程序。
关键要点:
- 性能与安全并重:通过设计模式确保并发安全的同时优化性能
- 接口驱动开发:清晰的接口定义促进代码的可维护性和可测试性
- 模式组合使用:实际项目中往往是多种设计模式的组合应用
- TypeScript友好:完整的类型支持使得模式实现更加安全可靠
通过合理运用es-toolkit提供的设计模式工具,开发者可以构建出既高效又可靠的现代JavaScript应用程序。
【免费下载链接】es-toolkit A modern JavaScript utility library that\'s 2-3 times faster and up to 97% smaller—a major upgrade to lodash. 项目地址: https://gitcode.com/GitHub_Trending/es/es-toolkit
创作声明:本文部分内容由AI辅助生成(AIGC),仅供参考