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Docker PS 命令：从基础查询到高级过滤_docker ps怎么用

网友: 技术文档 2025-07-30 10:51:42

Docker PS 命令：从基础查询到高级过滤

    • 一、核心架构图解
    • 二、参数详解与使用场景
      • 2.1 命令基础语法
      • 2.2 参数功能矩阵
    • 三、实战操作指南
      • 3.1 基础查询技巧
        • 标准列表查看
        • 显示完整信息
      • 3.2 高级过滤查询
        • 状态过滤
        • 标签过滤
    • 四、企业级最佳实践
      • 4.1 生产环境监控方案
      • 4.2 格式化输出模板
    • 五、常见问题排查
      • 5.1 状态异常分析表
      • 5.2 性能优化查询
    • 六、与编排系统集成
      • 6.1 Kubernetes对比
      • 6.2 Swarm服务查询
    • 七、安全注意事项
      • 7.1 敏感信息防护
      • 7.2 权限控制建议
    • 八、自动化脚本应用
      • 8.1 容器健康检查
      • 8.2 资源报表生成
    • 九、可视化展示方案
      • 9.1 终端表格美化
      • 9.2 监控面板集成
    • 十、总结与黄金法则
      • 10.1 查询决策树
      • 10.2 最佳实践清单

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一、核心架构图解

1.1 命令执行流程

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1.2 容器状态生命周期

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二、参数详解与使用场景

2.1 命令基础语法

docker ps [OPTIONS]

2.2 参数功能矩阵

参数 全称 作用 典型应用场景 输出示例 -a --all 显示所有容器 系统维护 包括已停止容器 -q --quiet 只显示ID 脚本处理 c3f279d17e0a -l --latest 显示最新容器 快速调试 最近创建的1个 -n - 显示n个最新 批量操作 最近3个容器 -s --size 显示磁盘占用 容量监控 +2MB (virtual 65MB) --no-trunc - 不截断输出 完整信息查看 显示完整ID --filter -f 条件过滤 精准查询 status=running --format - 自定义格式 报表生成 表格/JSON输出

三、实战操作指南

3.1 基础查询技巧

标准列表查看
docker ps

输出字段说明：

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显示完整信息
docker ps --no-trunc -a

3.2 高级过滤查询

状态过滤
docker ps -f \"status=exited\" -f \"ancestor=nginx\"
标签过滤
docker ps -f \"label=environment=production\"

四、企业级最佳实践

4.1 生产环境监控方案

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4.2 格式化输出模板

# 自定义表格输出docker ps --format \"table {{.ID}}\\t{{.Names}}\\t{{.Status}}\\t{{.Size}}\"# JSON格式输出docker ps --format \'{{json .}}\' | jq

五、常见问题排查

5.1 状态异常分析表

状态 可能原因 检查方法 restarting 持续崩溃 docker logs --tail 50 paused 人工干预 docker inspect dead 严重错误 系统日志检查 exited(非0) 启动失败 返回码分析

5.2 性能优化查询

# 只查询必要字段docker ps -a --format \"{{.ID}} {{.Names}}\"# 使用grep二次过滤docker ps --no-trunc | grep \"异常关键词\"

六、与编排系统集成

6.1 Kubernetes对比

#mermaid-svg-fhzPI2Gk5dX02ZMa {font-family:\"trebuchet ms\",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-fhzPI2Gk5dX02ZMa .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-fhzPI2Gk5dX02ZMa .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-fhzPI2Gk5dX02ZMa .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-fhzPI2Gk5dX02ZMa .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-fhzPI2Gk5dX02ZMa .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-fhzPI2Gk5dX02ZMa .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-fhzPI2Gk5dX02ZMa .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-fhzPI2Gk5dX02ZMa .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-fhzPI2Gk5dX02ZMa .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-fhzPI2Gk5dX02ZMa svg{font-family:\"trebuchet ms\",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-fhzPI2Gk5dX02ZMa .pieCircle{stroke:black;stroke-width:2px;opacity:0.7;}#mermaid-svg-fhzPI2Gk5dX02ZMa .pieTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:25px;fill:black;font-family:\"trebuchet ms\",verdana,arial,sans-serif;}#mermaid-svg-fhzPI2Gk5dX02ZMa .slice{font-family:\"trebuchet ms\",verdana,arial,sans-serif;fill:#333;font-size:17px;}#mermaid-svg-fhzPI2Gk5dX02ZMa .legend text{fill:black;font-family:\"trebuchet ms\",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:17px;}#mermaid-svg-fhzPI2Gk5dX02ZMa :root{--mermaid-font-family:\"trebuchet ms\",verdana,arial,sans-serif;}45%55%查询命令对比docker pskubectl get pods

6.2 Swarm服务查询

# 服务与容器关联查询docker service ps $(docker service ls -q) --no-trunc

七、安全注意事项

7.1 敏感信息防护

# 避免暴露环境变量docker ps --format \"table {{.ID}}\\t{{.Names}}\" | grep -v \"secret\"

7.2 权限控制建议

# 创建只读权限角色{ \"Version\": \"2012-10-17\", \"Statement\": [ { \"Effect\": \"Allow\", \"Action\": [ \"docker:ps\" ], \"Resource\": \"*\" } ]}

八、自动化脚本应用

8.1 容器健康检查

#!/bin/bash# 检查异常容器docker ps -a -f \"status=exited\" --format \"{{.ID}}\" | while read id; do echo \"异常容器: $id $(docker inspect -f \'{{.State.Error}}\' $id)\"done

8.2 资源报表生成

docker ps -a --format \"{{.Names}},{{.Status}},{{.Size}}\" > container_report.csv

九、可视化展示方案

9.1 终端表格美化

docker ps --format \"table {{.ID}}\\t{{.Image}}\\t{{.RunningFor}}\\t{{.Status}}\" | column -t -s $\'\\t\'

9.2 监控面板集成

#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo {font-family:\"trebuchet ms\",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo svg{font-family:\"trebuchet ms\",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .label{font-family:\"trebuchet ms\",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .label text,#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .node rect,#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .node circle,#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .node .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\"trebuchet ms\",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-nCUTry4y8ttuY2Lo :root{--mermaid-font-family:\"trebuchet ms\",verdana,arial,sans-serif;}docker ps -qPrometheusGrafanaAlertManager

十、总结与黄金法则

10.1 查询决策树

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10.2 最佳实践清单

  1. 生产环境：定期使用-a检查僵尸容器
  2. 批量操作：结合-q输出用于脚本处理
  3. 故障排查：优先使用-l查看最新容器
  4. 安全审计：记录关键查询操作日志

终极查询模板：

function docker_ps_enhanced() { local format=\"table {{.ID}}\\t{{.Names}}\\t{{.Image}}\\t{{.Status}}\\t{{.Ports}}\" local filter=\"\" case $1 in \"all\") filter=\"-a\" ;; \"dead\") filter=\"-f status=dead\" ;; \"exited\") filter=\"-f status=exited\" ;; \"running\") filter=\"-f status=running\" ;; esac docker ps $filter --format \"$format\" | column -t -s $\'\\t\'}

在这里插入图片描述

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